On traditional Unix and Unix-like systems, the first and only user that exists on a fresh install is named root. Using the root account, you log in and create secondary “normal” users. After that initial interaction, you’re expected to log in as a normal user.
Running your system as a normal user is a self-imposed limitation that protects you from silly mistakes. As a normal user, you can’t, for instance, delete the configuration file that defines your network interfaces or accidentally overwrite your list of users and groups. You can’t make those mistakes because, as a normal user, you don’t have permission to access those important files. Of course, as the literal owner of a system, you could always use the su command to become the superuser (root) and do whatever you want, but for everyday tasks you’re meant to use your normal account.
Using su worked well enough for a few decades, but then the sudo command came along.
To a longtime superuser, the sudo command might seem superfluous at first. In some ways, it feels very much like the su command. For instance, here’s the su command in action:
$ su root <enter passphrase> # dnf install -y cowsay
And here’s sudo doing the same thing:
$ sudo dnf install-y cowsay <enter passphrase>
The two interactions are nearly identical. Yet most distributions recommend using sudo instead of su, and most major distributions have eliminated the root account altogether. Is it a conspiracy to dumb down Linux?
Far from it, actually. In fact, sudo makes Linux more flexible and configurable than ever, with no loss of features and several significant benefits.
[ Download the cheat sheet: Linux sudo command ]
Why sudo is better than root on Linux
Here are five reasons you should be using sudo instead of su.
1. Root is a confirmed attack vector
I use the usual mix of firewalls, fail2ban, and SSH keys to prevent unwanted entry to the servers I run. Before I understood the value of sudo, I used to look through logs with horror at all the failed brute force attacks directed at my server. Automated attempts to log in as root are easily the most common, and with good reason.
An attacker with enough knowledge to attempt a break-in also would also know that, before the widespread use of sudo, essentially every Unix and Linux system had a root account. That’s one less guess about how to get into your server an attacker has to make. The login name is always right, as long as it’s root, so all an attacker needs is a valid passphrase.
Removing the root account offers a good amount of protection. Without root, a server has no confirmed login accounts. An attacker must guess at possible login names. In addition, the attacker must guess a password to associate with a login name. That’s not just one guess and then another guess; it’s two guesses that must be correct concurrently.
2. Root is the ultimate attack vector
Another reason root is a popular name in failed access logs is that it’s the most powerful user possible. If you’re going to set up a script to brute force its way into somebody else’s server, why waste time trying to get in as a regular user with limited access to the machine? It only makes sense to go for the most powerful user available.
By being both the singularly known user name and the most powerful user account, root essentially makes it pointless to try to brute force anything else.
3. Selective permission
The su command is all or nothing. If you have the password for su root, you can become the superuser. If you don’t have the password for su, you have no administrative privileges whatsoever. The problem with this model is that a sysadmin has to choose between handing over the master key to their system or withholding the key and all control of the system. That’s not always what you want. Sometimes you want to delegate.
For example, say you want to grant a user permission to run a specific application that usually requires root permissions, but you don’t want to give this user the root password. By editing the sudo configuration, you can allow a specific user, or any number of users belonging to a specific Unix group, to run a specific command. The sudo command requires a user’s existing password, not your password, and certainly not the root password.
4. Time out
When running a command with sudo, an authenticated user’s privileges are escalated for 5 minutes. During that time, they can run the command or commands you’ve given them permission to run.
After 5 minutes, the authentication cache is cleared, and the next use of sudo prompts for a password again. Timing out prevents a user from accidentally performing that action later (for instance, a careless search through your shell history or a few too many Up arrow presses). It also ensures that another user can’t run the commands if the first user walks away from their desk without locking their computer screen.
5. Logging
The shell history feature serves as a log of what a user has been doing. Should you ever need to understand how something on your system happened, you could (in theory, depending on how shell history is configured) use su to switch to somebody else’s account, review their shell history, and maybe get an idea of what commands a user has been executing.
If you need to audit the behavior of 10s or 100s of users, however, you might notice that this method doesn’t scale. Shell histories also rotate out pretty quickly, with a default age of 1,000 lines, and they’re easily circumvented by prefacing any command with an empty space.
When you need logs on administrative tasks, sudo offers a complete logging and alerting subsystem, so you can review activity from a centralized location and even get an alert when something significant happens.
Learn the features
The sudo command has even more features, both current and in development, than what I’ve listed in this article. Because sudo is often something you configure once then forget about, or something you configure only when a new admin joins your team, it can be hard to remember its nuances.
Download our sudo cheat sheet and use it as a helpful reminder for all of its uses when you need it the most.
Apples and Oranges Codechef Today Solution in Python
Bob has XX rupees and goes to a market. The cost of apples is Rs. AA per kg and the cost of oranges is Rs. BB per kg.
Determine whether he can buy at least 11 kg each of apples and oranges.
Input Format
The first line of input will contain an integer XX, the amount of money Bob has.
The second line of input contains two space-separated integers AA and BB, the cost per kg of apples and oranges respectively.
Output Format
Print a single line containing Yes if Bob can buy the fruits and No otherwise.
You may print each character of the string in uppercase or lowercase (for example, the strings yes, Yes, yEs, and YES will all be treated as identical).
Windows 11 has been released, but behind the scenes, Microsoft is constantly working to improve the newest version of Windows. The company frequently rolls out public preview builds to members of its Windows Insider Program, allowing them to test out — and even help shape — upcoming features.
The Windows Insider program is divided into three channels:
The Dev Channel is where new features are introduced for initial testing, regardless of which Windows release they’ll eventually end up in. This channel is best for technical users and developers and builds in it may be unstable and buggy.
In the Beta Channel, you’ll get more polished features that will be deployed in the next major Windows release. This channel is best for early adopters, and Microsoft says your feedback in this channel will have the most impact.
The Release Preview Channel typically doesn’t see action until shortly before a new feature update is rolled out. It’s meant for final testing of an upcoming release and is best for those who want the most stable builds.
The Beta and Release Preview Channels also receive bug-fix builds for the currently shipping version of Windows 11.
Not everyone can participate in the Windows 11 Insider program, because the new operating system has more stringent system requirements than Windows 10. As outlined in this Microsoft blog post, if your PC fails to meet the minimum hardware requirements for Windows 11, you cannot join the Windows 11 Insider Program.
Use the links below to find information about the Windows 11 preview builds that have been released:
For each build, we’ve included the date of its release, which Insider channel it was released to, a summary of what’s in the build, and a link to Microsoft’s announcement about it.
Note: If you’re looking for information about updates being rolled out to all Windows 11 users, not previews for Windows Insiders, see “Windows 11: A guide to the updates.”
Dev Channel
Windows 11 Insider Preview Build 25115
Release date: May 11, 2022
Released to: Dev Channel
This build has a new feature called suggested actions. With it, when you copy a date, time, or phone number, Windows will suggest related actions such as creating a calendar event or making a phone call with an app. The build also fixes a variety of bugs, including one in File Explorer that displayed the error 0x800703E6 when copying files from Google Drive, and another that caused the Task Manager to become unreadable in dark mode when the CPU reached 100%.
The build has three known issues, including one in which some apps in full screen (for example, video players) prevent live captions from being visible, and another in which when certain apps positioned near the top of the screen are closed before live captions is run, they relaunch behind the live captions window positioned at top.
This build fixes a wide variety of bug fixes, including one in which the widgets board did not open successfully when using the opening gesture from the side of the screen, another in which performance and reliability of explorer.exe degraded over time, eventually resulting in a bug check, and another in which using the 3-finger on-screen touch gesture for minimizing windows could cause animations to stop working across the system.
The build has two known issues, including one in which some apps in full screen (for example, video players) prevent live captions from being visible, and another in which when certain apps positioned near the top of the screen are closed before live captions are run will relaunch behind the live captions window positioned at top.
This build adds the following new MDM and group policies for IT administrators:
Disable Quick Settings flyout
Disable Notification Center and calendar flyouts
Disable all taskbar settings
Disable search (across Start and taskbar)
Hide Task View from taskbar
Block customization of ‘Pinned’ in Start
Hide ‘Recommended’ in Start
Disable Start context menus
Hide ‘All apps’ in Start
It also updates the Family Safety widget that includes a new location sharing view that shows where your family members are using the Family Safety app.
There are also a wide variety of bug fixes, including for a bug in which an Administrative Template error no longer popped up when opening Group Policy editor, another that prevented Shift + Right-click on a taskbar icon from opening the expected context menu, and another in which app icons like Microsoft Edge were cut off on the bottom in Start’s all apps list.
The build has five known issues, including one in which the widgets board may not open successfully when using the gesture from the side of the screen, and another in which some apps in full screen (for example, video players) prevent live captions from being visible.
This build fixes a wide variety of bugs, including one in which File Explorer’s context menu sometimes did not render completely and was sometimes transparent, and another in which the Task Manager’s memory composition graph was blank instead of filled in with the appropriate color.
The build has more than a dozen known issues, including one in which the widgets board may not open successfully when using the gesture from the side of the screen, another in which some apps in full screen (for example, video players) prevent live captions from being visible, and another in which the taskbar doesn’t always automatically collapse after launching an app or tapping outside of the expanded taskbar on 2-in-1 devices.
In this build, recent and pinned files displayed in Home are now searchable using the search box in File Explorer, even if they are not local files, so you can find Office files recently shared with you.
There are also a wide variety of bug fixes, including for a bug in which app icons were unexpectedly animating in from the upper left of the taskbar when launching a new app, another that caused Windows Spotlight to unexpectedly stop updating for a prolonged period of time, and another that caused Narrator to read dialog buttons incorrectly in scan mode.
The build has more than a dozen known issues, including one in which the widgets board may not open successfully when using the gesture from the side of the screen, and another in which some apps in full screen (for example, video players) prevent live captions from being visible.
This build includes several minor changes to the taskbar, including having the top border line extend across the entire taskbar regardless of device type. There are also a wide variety of bugs thar have been fixed, including one in which the Search box at the top of the Start menu would flicker, and another in which Task Manager wasn’t populating the details of the Status column in the Startup Apps page.
The build has more than a dozen known issues, including one in which when you enter search terms in File Explorer’s search box, suggested results may not show, and another in which after rearranging widgets in the widgets board, widgets in the pinned section may render incorrectly.
This build allows IT administrators to exclude USB removable drives from BitLocker encryption. This solves the problem of automatic or accidental encryption of storage built into specialized devices like video cameras, voice recorders, conferencing systems, and medical devices.
There are also a variety of minor changes, including one that lets you name your app folders in the Start menu, and another that puts the new Run New Task button on all pages of Task Manager.
The build fixes a wide variety of bugs, including one in which Start’s folders were still showing animations even if you had animation effects disabled, and another in which explorer.exe crashed when dragging certain windows across snap layouts at the top of the screen.
The build has a dozen known issues, including one in which opening suggested results shown while entering search terms in File Explorer’s search box may not work, and another in which when rearranging widgets in the widgets board, you may experience problems with widgets in the pinned section rendering incorrectly.
This build lets you set family controls for browsing in Microsoft Edge, and introduces a video editor called Clipchamp that offers tools like trimming, splitting, transitions, and animated text. For real-time content capture, Clipchamp has a built-in webcam and screen recorders.
There are a variety of small changes, including a Print Queue with an updated design to align with Windows 11 design principles. In addition, Shift + right-clicking in File Explorer and the desktop will now open the “Show more options” context menu.
The build also fixes several dozen bugs, including one in which scroll bars didn’t render appropriately on some Win32 applications, and another in which custom mouse pointers reverted to the default Windows one after rebooting.
The build has more than a dozen known issues, including one in which opening suggested results shown while entering search terms in File Explorer’s search box may not work, and another in which when rearranging widgets in the widgets board, you may experience problems with widgets in the pinned section rendering incorrectly.
This build attempts to increase the use of renewable energy by installing Windows 11 updates at times of the day that are more likely to have higher availability of renewable energy such as solar, wind, and hydro. This feature will only be enabled when your PC is plugged in and regional carbon intensity data is available to Microsoft.
The build also allows you to link your Android phone to your PC during setup. It also introduces a new security feature, Smart App Control (SAC), that blocks untrusted or potentially dangerous applications.
There are a variety of small changes, including an updated “Open with” dialog box that better aligns with Windows 11 design principles.
The build also fixes several dozen bugs, including one in which the Windows startup sound didn’t play, and another in which explorer.exe would sometimes crash when opening the context menu.
The build has more than a dozen known issues, including one in which scroll bars are not rendering appropriately on some Win32 applications, and another in which opening suggested results shown while entering search terms in File Explorer’s search box may not work.
This build includes a new taskbar feature in which it automatically adjusts to an optimized version when it detects a device is being used as a tablet. The taskbar can then either be collapsed or expanded. When collapsed, it disappears, giving you more screen space. When expanded, the taskbar is optimized to use with touch. You can easily switch between the two states by swiping up or down on the bottom of the tablet.
In this build, widgets and news feeds are mixed into the same feed, so you can more easily see changing information at a glance. There’s also a new feature for IT admins in education: the ability to use group policy to turn off all Windows Update notifications so as not to distract students.
A variety of smaller improvements have also been made, including an expanded search from Quick Access that includes content from OneDrive, Downloads, and any indexed location.
The build also fixes several dozen bugs, including one in which pop-up dialogs (for example, when adding an optional feature) in Settings were launching left aligned instead of centered, and another in which the navigation bar in Task Manager was showing black glitches when you launched Task Manager from a minimized state. Also fixed was a long-standing bug in which the taskbar sometimes flickered when switching input methods.
The build has more than a dozen known issues, including one in which the File Explorer search box may not work when typing and clicking a suggestion, and another in the Task Manager in which the Efficiency mode icon is missing on some child processes.
This build includes many new features, including the ability to group pinned apps into folders in the Start menu; the Do not disturb feature, which lets you silence notifications; and the Focus feature, which turns off a variety of Windows actions that may be distracting.
Also new is integration of OneDrive and File Explorer, which will let you see your OneDrive sync status and quota usage without having to leave File Explorer. There are also a variety of new touch gestures. A new way of snapping windows into Snap Layouts has been introduced as well.
Default battery settings have been changed in order to reduce energy consumption. Task Manager has been redesigned to be in more in keeping with Windows 11 design principles, including a new hamburger-style navigation bar and a new settings page.
A variety of smaller improvements has also been made, including drag-and-drop support on the taskbar and a faster and more accurate search.
The build also fixes several dozen bugs, including one in which Task View crashed if you held down the Ctrl key while hovering over it, and another in which explorer.exe crashed when you clicked on More Keyboard Settings in the input switcher.
The build has more than a dozen known issues, including the taskbar sometimes flickering when switching input methods, and another in which after clicking the Search icon on the taskbar, the Search panel may not open.
This build introduces more “natural”-sounding voices for Narrator along with new Narrator keyboard shortcuts, and also updates the media controls that appear on the Lock screen when playing music in a supported app.
The build also fixes many bugs, including one in which Task Manager crashed when switching to the Performance tab, another that caused explorer.exe to crash when dragging and dropping a file out of a zipped folder in File Explorer, and another that caused the cursor to disappear in certain apps.
The build has five known issues, including the taskbar sometimes flickering when switching input methods, and another in which after clicking the Search icon on the taskbar, the Search panel may not open.
This build gives new capabilities to voice access, including spelling words and entering numbers, punctuation marks, and symbols and emojis. There are also a wide variety of bug fixes, including for a bug in which pressing the hardware buttons for volume up/down caused explorer.exe to crash, and another in which Settings sometimes crashed when viewing the properties of a Wi-Fi network.
The build has five known issues, including the taskbar sometimes flickering when switching input methods, and another in which after clicking the Search icon on the taskbar, the Search panel may not open.
This build updates the flyout design for hardware indicators for brightness, volume, camera privacy, camera on/off, and airplane mode to follow what Microsoft calls “Windows 11 design principles.” The new flyouts appear when you press the volume or brightness keys on a laptop.
The build also fixes 16 bugs, including one that wouldn’t allow you to import photos from certain cameras and mobile phones into the Photos app, and another in which holding the Ctrl key and hovering your mouse over the Task View icon in the taskbar crashed explorer.exe.
The build has more than a dozen known issues, including the taskbar sometimes flickering when switching input methods, and another in which after clicking the Search icon on the taskbar, the Search panel may not open.
This build fixes nine bugs, including one in which the Search flyout became stuck on the screen and appeared transparent except for its border, and another in which the Widgets panel would temporarily become blank, showing only an Add Widgets button, which when clicked on opened to a blank dialog box.
The build has more than a dozen known issues, including the taskbar sometimes flickering when switching input methods, and another in which after clicking the Search icon on the taskbar, the Search panel may not open.
This build brings the snap groups feature to Alt-Tab and Task View, allowing you to easily choose from a number of pre-set ways to automatically arrange your open windows. The build also squashes a wide variety of bugs, including the battery icon tooltip unexpectedly showing a percent above 100, and Settings content getting truncated when the Settings window is made small.
The build has more than a dozen known issues, including the taskbar sometimes flickering when switching input methods, and another in which the Search panel may not open after the Search icon on the taskbar is clicked.
This build includes a new set of photos that can be used as desktop backgrounds, plus a new widget that delivers live weather content on the widget panel. It also introduces Voice Access, which lets you control your PC and create and edit text using your voice.
A wide variety of bugs have been squashed, including an explorer.exe crash related to having websites pinned to the taskbar, and another in which Snap Group thumbnails weren’t updating in real time in Task View after you moved a group window to a different desktop.
The build has more than a dozen known issues, including the taskbar sometimes flickering when switching input methods, and another in which after clicking the Search icon on the taskbar, the Search panel may not open.
This build improves the way that Narrator can control Microsoft Edge. In addition, it lets you right-click on Start to quickly access Start settings and customize the “More pins” or “More recommendations” layout options. It also brings a variety of settings from Control Panel into the Settings app, including moving the advanced sharing settings (such as Network discovery, File and printer sharing, and public folder sharing) to a new page in the Settings app under Advanced Network Settings.
There are a wide variety of bug fixes, including one in which the Start, Search, Task View, Widgets, and Chat icons in the taskbar no longer unexpectedly enlarge when the system scaling is set to 125%, and another in which hovering your mouse back and forth between different desktops in Task View will no longer result in the displayed thumbnails and content area unexpectedly shrinking.
The build has four known issues, including the taskbar sometimes flickering when switching input methods, and another in which after clicking the Search icon on the taskbar, the Search panel may not open.
This build applies the 13 themes for the touch keyboard to other input methods, including IMEs, the emoji panel, and voice typing. It also lets you use the Windows key + Alt + K keyboard shortcut to toggle the new mute icon in the taskbar when it’s showing.
There are also a wide variety of bug fixes, including for one in which snap layout options randomly put windows on other monitors, and another in which text was duplicated if the caret was moved while using voice typing.
The build has seven known issues, including the taskbar sometimes flickering when switching input methods, and another in which after clicking the Search icon on the taskbar, the Search panel may not open.
This build lets you quickly share content from open app windows directly from your taskbar to your Teams meeting calls. In addition, a wide variety of bugs have been fixed, including one in which Clipboard history wasn’t working properly, and another in which explorer.exe crashed when using the touch keyboard.
The build has 10 known issues, including the taskbar sometimes flickering when switching input methods and the Search panel sometimes not opening when the Search icon on the taskbar is clicked.
On November 12 Microsoft noted that it is starting to roll out Cumulative Update Build 22499.1010 (KB5008400) to test the servicing pipeline for builds in the Dev Channel; the update does not include anything new.
With this build you can mute and unmute your microphone from the taskbar during a Microsoft Teams call. In addition, a wide variety of bugs have been fixed, including one in which context menus crashed when you tried to scroll through them, and another in which some devices had a black screen when coming out of sleep.
The build has eight known issues, including the taskbar sometimes flickering when switching input methods, and another in which after clicking the Search icon on the taskbar, the Search panel may not open.
This build includes a new settings page that displays information about your Microsoft account, including your subscriptions for Microsoft 365, links to order history, payment details, and Microsoft Rewards. Note that it’s only being rolled out to a small group of Insiders at first.
A wide variety of bugs have been fixed, including one in which explorer.exe crashed sometimes when using the Desktops flyout context menu, and another in which Settings crashed in certain cases after going to Windows Update.
The build has nine known issues, including the taskbar sometimes flickering when switching input methods, and another in which the Search panel may not open after the Search icon on the taskbar is clicked.
This build includes a new feature that lets you right-click on either “Recommended” or the “More” button in Start to refresh the items shown there. In addition, it has a number of bug fixes, including one that caused Search to appear black and not display any content below the search box, and another that caused cellular data to not work on certain devices.
The build has 10 known issues, including the taskbar sometimes flickering when switching input methods, and another in which the Search panel may not open after the Search icon on the taskbar is clicked.
This build includes new emojis that conform to Microsoft’s Fluent design standards. It also lets you log in to a closed laptop using Windows Hello facial recognition on a connected external monitor if it has a camera attached that supports it.
The build also fixes a wide variety of bugs, including one in which the Notification Center refused to launch, and another in File Explorer in which the “Show hidden items” option was out of sync when multiple File Explorer windows were open.
The build has eight known issues, including the taskbar sometimes flickering when switching input methods, and another in which after the Search icon on the taskbar is clicked, the Search panel may not open.
This build has more than a dozen bug fixes, including for a bug that sometimes caused the taskbar’s hidden icons flyout to have sharp corners instead of rounded corners, and another that caused explorer.exe to crash sometimes when closing File Explorer windows.
The build also has 10 known issues, including the taskbar sometimes flickering when switching input methods, and widgets displaying in the wrong size on external monitors.
The build has two minor new features. When you click a VPN connection in VPN Settings, you can now see some statistics about the connection. And you can now turn off recent searches when hovering over the Search icon in the taskbar.
There are also more than a dozen bug fixes, including for a bug in which some drives did not display in Defragment and Optimize Drives, and another that caused unexpected flickering in certain apps such as Microsoft Edge when using multiple monitors with different refresh rates.
The build has nine known issues, including the taskbar sometimes flickering when switching input methods, and widgets displaying in the wrong size on external monitors.
Microsoft also announced that the redesigned Paint app for Windows 11 is beginning to roll out to Insiders in the Dev Channel.
The build has several minor new features, including one in which when you have a file or folder selected in File Explorer, you can now use Ctrl-Shift-C to copy the path to your clipboard. The build also fixes several dozen bugs, including one in which pressing F1 in File Explorer opened Windows 10 help instead of Windows 11 help, and another that caused File Explorer to hang when doing a search.
The build also has several dozen known issues, including the taskbar sometimes flickering when switching input methods, and widgets displaying in the wrong size on external monitors.
The build has more than a dozen bug fixes, including for one in which Settings sometimes crashed when trying to open the Display page, and another that made Start unreliable.
The build also has several dozen known issues, including the taskbar sometimes flickering when switching input methods, and widgets displaying in the wrong size on external monitors.
This build has a few extremely minor changes, including in which right-clicking on Recycle Bin on the desktop brings up the new modern context menu.
The build also has several dozen bug fixes, including for a bug in which PCs with Windows Defender Application Guard (WDAG) enabled bug-check continuously, and another in which taskbar icons flickered when you moused over them while using a contrast theme.
The build also has several dozen known issues, including the taskbar sometimes flickering when switching input methods, and widgets displaying in the wrong size on external monitors.
With this build, the Dev Channel moves back to receiving only builds from the active development branch (RS_PRERELEASE). This means the Dev Channel builds no longer match the version of Windows 11 that will be released on October 5th. Dev Channel builds represent the newest works in progress and are not always stable.
The build changes the way SMB compression (compression of files as they’re sent over a network) works. From now on, algorithms will not determine whether to compress files — files will always be compressed if a user asks for it.
Additionally, there are several minor changes in the build, including notifications now having acrylic backgrounds. There are also many bug fixes, including for one that caused the font in the taskbar previews to incorrect and another that crashed explorer.exe when using Alt-Tab.
The build also has more than a dozen known issues, including the taskbar sometimes flickering when switching input methods, and widgets displaying in the wrong size on external monitors.
Beta and Release Preview Channels (original Windows 11 release)
Windows 11 Insider Preview Build 22621
Release date: May 11, 2022
Released to: Beta Channel
This build fixes several bugs, including one in File Explorer that displayed the error 0x800703E6 when copying files from Google Drive, and another that caused Smart App Control to block correctly signed applications.
The build has two known issues, including one in which some apps in full screen (for example, video players) prevent live captions from being visible, and another in which when certain apps positioned near the top of the screen are closed before live captions is run, they relaunch behind the live captions window positioned at top.
This build fixes a wide variety of bug fixes, including one in which the widgets board did not open successfully when using the opening gesture from the side of the screen, another in which performance and reliability of explorer.exe degraded over time, eventually resulting in a bug check, and another in which using the 3-finger on-screen touch gesture for minimizing windows could cause animations to stop working across the system.
The build has two known issues, including one in which some apps in full screen (for example, video players) prevent live captions from being visible, and another in which when certain apps positioned near the top of the screen are closed before live captions are run will relaunch behind the live captions window positioned at top.
This build adds the following new MDM and group policies for IT administrators:
Disable Quick Settings flyout
Disable Notification Center and calendar flyouts
Disable all taskbar settings
Disable search (across Start and taskbar)
Hide Task View from taskbar
Block customization of ‘Pinned’ in Start
Hide ‘Recommended’ in Start
Disable Start context menus
Hide ‘All apps’ in Start
It also updates the Family Safety widget that includes a new location sharing view that shows where your family members are using the Family Safety app.
There are also a wide variety of bug fixes, including for a bug in which an Administrative Template error no longer popped up when opening Group Policy editor, another that prevented Shift + Right-click on a taskbar icon from opening the expected context menu, and another in which app icons like Microsoft Edge were cut off on the bottom in Start’s all apps list.
The build has five known issues, including one in which the widgets board may not open successfully when using the gesture from the side of the screen, and another in which some apps in full screen (for example, video players) prevent live captions from being visible.
This build fixes a wide variety of bugs, including one in which a memory leak affected Windows systems that are in use 24 hours each day of the week, another that caused video subtitles to be partially cut off, and another in which mobile device management (MDM) policies were not allowed on Windows Enterprise editions that were upgraded to Enterprise using Azure AD-joined subscription entitlement.
This build fixes a wide variety of bugs, including one in which File Explorer’s context menu sometimes did not render completely and was sometimes transparent, and another in which the Task Manager’s memory composition graph was blank instead of filled in with the appropriate color.
The build has more than a dozen known issues, including one in which the widgets board may not open successfully when using the gesture from the side of the screen, another in which some apps in full screen (for example, video players) prevent live captions from being visible, and another in which the taskbar doesn’t always automatically collapse after launching an app or tapping outside of the expanded taskbar on 2-in-1 devices.
In this build, recent and pinned files displayed in Home are now searchable using the search box in File Explorer, even if they are not local files, so you can find Office files recently shared with you.
There are also a wide variety of bug fixes, including for a bug in which app icons were unexpectedly animating in from the upper left of the taskbar when launching a new app, another that caused Windows Spotlight to unexpectedly stop updating for a prolonged period of time, and another that caused Narrator to read dialog buttons incorrectly in scan mode.
The build has more than a dozen known issues, including one in which the widgets board may not open successfully when using the gesture from the side of the screen, and another in which some apps in full screen (for example, video players) prevent live captions from being visible.
This build includes several minor changes to the taskbar, including having the top border line extend across the entire taskbar regardless of device type. There are also a wide variety of bugs thar have been fixed, including one in which the Search box at the top of the Start menu would flicker, and another in which Task Manager wasn’t populating the details of the Status column in the Startup Apps page.
The build has more than a dozen known issues, including one in which when you enter search terms in File Explorer’s search box, suggested results may not show, and another in which after rearranging widgets in the widgets board, widgets in the pinned section may render incorrectly.
This build allows Windows to display up to three high priority “toast” (popup) notifications simultaneously for apps that send notifications for calls, reminders, or alarms using Windows notifications. It also fixes more than two dozen bugs, including one that crashed SystemSettings.exe, and another that affected searchindexer.exe and prevented Microsoft Outlook’s offline search from returning recent emails.
The build fixes a wide variety of bugs, including one in which the Startup impact values didn’t display in Task Manager, another that caused a mismatch between a Remote Desktop session’s keyboard and the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) client when signing in, and another that that disconnected Offline Files on the network drive after you restarted Windows and signed in. This occurred if the Distributed File System (DFS) path was mapped to the network drive.
The build fixes a wide variety of bugs, including one that prevented some image editing programs from rendering colors correctly on certain high dynamic range (HDR) displays, another that incorrectly showed the volume icon in the taskbar as muted, and another that prevented the touch keyboard from appearing on the lock screen when a device has a Microsoft account (MSA).
The build includes all the features and bug fixes of Windows 11 Insider Preview Build 22000.346, and also fixes a bug that prevented apps, such as Kaspersky apps, from opening after you attempt to repair or update the apps using the Microsoft Installer (MSI).
The build fixes a wide variety of bugs, including one that caused the system to stop working after you enabled Hyper-V, one that affected the System Memory Management Unit’s (SMMU) fault handling after hibernation, and another that caused some USB Print installers to report that they didn’t detect the printer after the printer was plugged in.
This build fixes a bug that prevented some users from opening or using certain built-in Windows apps or parts of some built-in apps, including the Snipping Tool, Touch Keyboard, Voice Typing, and Emoji Panel, Input Method Editor user interface (IME UI), and Getting Started and Tips.
The build fixes a wide variety of bugs, including an L3 caching issue that affected performance on devices with AMD Ryzen processors, another that caused distortion in the audio captured by voice assistants, and another in Windows Defender Exploit Protection that prevented some Microsoft Office applications from working on machines with certain processors.
Released to: Beta Channel and commercial PCs in the Release Preview Channel
This build includes updates to the Snipping Tool, Calculator, and Clock with Focus Sessions apps.
The build also fixes several small issues, including one that caused some PCs to bug check during modern standby, and another that caused PowerShell to create an infinite number of child directories.
There are more than a dozen issues in this build, including one in which you might be unable to enter text when using search from Start or the taskbar, and another in which after clicking the Search icon on the taskbar, the Search panel may not open.
Released to: Beta Channel and commercial PCs in the Release Preview Channel
This build fixes two small issues, including one in which a small set of languages were missing translations across the user interface, and another in which the “learn more info” about Windows Hello in the out-of-box experience (OOBE) wasn’t translated for non-English languages.
There are many known issues in this build, including one in which you might be unable to enter text when using search from Start or the taskbar, and another in which after clicking the Search icon on the taskbar, the Search panel may not open.
This build introduces a “Taskbar settings” page, which lets you hide and unhide icons on the taskbar. It also includes a small number of bug fixes, including one that caused some users to get an unexpected error when trying to take pictures with certain USB cameras, and another in which ratings and reviews weren’t available for some Microsoft Store apps.
There are many known issues in this build, including one in which you might be unable to enter text when using Search from Start or the taskbar, and another in which after clicking the Search icon on the taskbar, the Search panel may not open.
This build introduces a Microsoft 365 widget that displays relevant documents, news, and meeting recordings to enterprise users. It only works if you’re signed into your Azure Active Directory (AAD) account on Windows 11. And Chat with Microsoft Teams now supports more than 50 languages.
The build also includes five bug fixes, including for a bug in which typing certain phrases into the search box in Settings sometimes crashed Settings, and another in Microsoft Teams in which videos sometimes froze or displayed a black image during video calls.
There are many known issues in this build, including one in which you might be unable to enter text when using Search from Start or the taskbar, and another in which after clicking the Search icon on the taskbar, the Search panel may not open.
This build fixes a bug in which the taskbar sometimes showed the “location in use” icon even when it had been blocked in preferences.
For Insiders in the Dev Channel, this build also includes the revamped Windows Clock app, with a new feature called Focus Sessions that lets you do things such as set timers, automatically play music from Spotify, and work directly with Microsoft’s To Do app. Go here for details.
The build is also available as an ISO from the Windows Insider Preview Downloads page for those who want to install it from media rather than online. Using this method, users experience the full Windows 11 setup process.
There are many known issues in this build, including one in which you might be unable to enter text when using Search from Start or the taskbar, and another in which after clicking the Search icon on the taskbar, the Search panel may not open.
With this build, Insiders in the Beta Channel now have access to Chat from Microsoft Teams. The feature, which was previously rolled out to Insiders in the Dev Channel, includes one-to-one and group audio and video calling. You can create and join meetings, toggle your microphone and camera on or off, and choose your preferred speakers, mic, and camera. You can also share your screen, see the roster of participants, admit meeting participants from the lobby, chat, and see people’s video in a gallery view. For more details, see “First Preview of Chat from Microsoft Teams begins rolling out to Windows Insiders.”
There are seven fixes in this build, including for a bug in which the taskbar repeatedly crashed inside the Windows Sandbox, and another in which the “location in use” indicator icon wasn’t showing up in the taskbar when it should have been.
There are many known issues in this build, including one in which you might be unable to enter text when using Search from Start or the taskbar, and another in which the Search panel may not open when you click the Search icon on the taskbar.
This build introduces a new family widget for MSA accounts (a single sign-on Microsoft account). It lets people see recent activity of members of their Microsoft family group. The build also fixes several dozen bugs, including one in which File Explorer didn’t show an updated scroll bar in dark mode; another that caused search in Settings to be in a permanently broken state, saying “No result” for every search; and one in which explorer.exe crashed when the Task View button was clicked.
There are many known issues in this build, including one in which you might be unable to enter text when using Search from Start or the taskbar, and another in which after clicking the Search icon on the taskbar, the Search panel may not open.
There are also a variety of minor new features, including making the taskbar calendar flyout fully collapse when clicking the chevron in the top corner to give more room for notifications.
Several dozen bugs have been fixed, including one in which when you right-clicked the desktop or File Explorer, the resulting context menu and submenus appeared partially off screen, and another in which sign-in wasn’t working for widgets in some scenarios due to authentication hanging.
There are many known issues in this build, including one in which you might be unable to enter text when using Search from Start or the taskbar, and another in which the taskbar sometimes flickers when switching input methods.
This build introduces a new entertainment widget that displays new and featured movie titles in the Microsoft Store. There are also many bug fixes, including for one in which the new command bar didn’t appear when the “Open folders in a separate process” is enabled under File Explorer Options > View, and another that made Settings periodically crash when it launched.
There are many known issues in this build, including one in which you might be unable to enter text when using search from Start or the taskbar, and another in which the right-click menu and submenus from the desktop or File Explorer may appear partially off-screen.
Among other changes in this build, the Start menu now includes a search box, Power mode settings are now available on the Power & battery page in Settings, and several system alert dialog boxes, such as the alert for when your battery is running low or when you change your display settings, now adhere to the new Windows 11 visual design.
The build includes a wide variety of bug fixes, including one in which Settings could not be launched, another in which you could not pin and unpin apps from Start, another in which the command bar in File Explorer disappeared, and another in which the snap layouts did not appear until you rebooted your PC.
In addition, a remote code execution exploit in the Windows Print Spooler service, known as “PrintNightmare,” has been closed. For details, see CVE-2021-34527.
There are many known issues in this build, including one in which you might be unable to enter text when using Search from Start or the taskbar, and another in which the new command bar may not appear when “Open folders in a separate process” is enabled under File Explorer Options > View.
What IT needs to know: Because this is a security update, it should be applied relatively soon. Over the next few weeks, check for reports about problematic issues, and if all seems well, apply the update.
This first Insider Preview for Windows 11 is a big one and offers many of the new features expected to be part of the shipping version of the new operating system.
General interface changes: The Start menu is now centered, rather than pinned to the left of the screen. It includes a set of pinned apps as well as recently opened files in OneDrive on all your cloud-connected devices, including PCs and smartphones. The taskbar is centered as well and offers new animations. It includes a button on the lower-right corner for notifications and for making quick changes to your settings.
Microsoft
File Explorer has a new command bar and new overall look, including new context menus. New themes have been added to the overall interface, and Windows sounds have been redesigned.
Widgets: Windows 11 comes with a set of resizable informational widgets for things such as news, the weather, your calendar, local traffic, a to-do list, photos from OneDrive, news, sports, and more.
Multitasking: Windows 10’s “Snap” feature that gives you control over how you can arrange your open windows gets a makeover. You can choose from pre-built Snap layouts and arrange them into predesigned Snap groups. Desktops available via Task View can now be reordered and have custom backgrounds.
Touch, inking, and voice input: The touch keyboard gets 13 new themes and can be resized. There’s also a voice typing launcher, and several new touch gestures. The build lets you quickly switch between additional languages and keyboards via a switcher that appears at the lower right on the taskbar next to Quick Settings. There’s also now a menu for customizing digital pens.
Other changes include:
The Microsoft Store has been redesigned. Eventually Android mobile games and apps will be housed there, and be able to work on Windows 11.
When you undock your laptop, the windows on your external monitor will be minimized. When you re-dock your computer to your monitor, Windows puts everything back where it was before.
With Windows 11’s Dynamic Refresh Rate, your PC can automatically boost the refresh rate when you’re inking or scrolling to give you a smoother experience, and lower the refresh rate when you don’t need it to save power on your laptop.
Settings has been redesigned, including left-hand navigation that persists between pages. There are also breadcrumbs to help you know exactly where you are in Settings.
Known issues: There are more than two dozen known issues in this build across a wide variety of features, including the taskbar, Settings, Start, Search, Widgets and the Store. For example, when upgrading a device with multiple user accounts to Windows 11, Settings will fail to launch; after clicking the Search icon taskbar, the Search panel may not open; and when upgrading to Windows 11 from Windows 10 or when installing an update to Windows 11, some features may be deprecated or removed.
Web Hosting and Attention-Grabbing Facebook Marketing
What works with social media for business owners?
Facebook Mobile for Business
To begin with, the majority of websites and blogs are created using WordPress. So, the security of your Word Press website or blog is crucial.
Two very cool security plug-ins for bloggers who use WordPress are available. Imagine this scenario. One day you wake up and your blog has been hacked and every single article had disappeared. Thank God for backups. It could be absolutely disastrous if someone were able to hack into your WordPress site. SecureWP and WSDSecurity are two plug-ins that can be used collaboratively and they give you increased security for your WordPress blog.
Password generator generates super secure passwords that no one can guess. If you have an administrator that has full access to your account, you need to be sure to generate extremely secure passwords.
A lot of hackers use systems that are smart. They go to a WordPress blog and look at the source code so that they can tell which version of WordPress your blog is running. These plug-ins eliminate the version of WordPress from your source code. Hackers try to exploit challenges of your version of WordPress, so by eliminating the version of WordPress from your code, it is extremely difficult for automated attacks to target your blog.
When you try and login to WordPress with the incorrect password, it generates a response. These automated systems look for those responses in an attempt to hack your blog. These plug-ins remove that response completely. Instead they jingle or blink the login screen so you, as the user, know you have the wrong password, but a machine or a software tool would not know that, therefore, automated hacking attempts are reduced.
Facebook Marketing on a Mobile Platform
Four hundred and eighty-eight million people are using Facebook mobile every month. That is bigger than the entire population of the United States. Additionally, three hundred million pictures are uploaded to Facebook every single day. Close to a billion members take pictures and upload them to Facebook using their smart phone. People have Facebook on their smart phone and check Facebook when they are in a line waiting for a coffee, stuck in traffic, and doing it almost everywhere, this makes mobile users very important to Facebook. Half of the nearly billion Facebook users use Facebook through their mobile device and they are actually twice as active than non-mobile users.
People have a tendency to never leave their house without their mobile device. This is wonderful news for business owners! The more you as a business owner can get your message in front of those users who are in constant contact with their circle of friends, the better. Marketing has shifted from trying to get your message in front of people during certain times to becoming an intricate part of their social experience. Ads are coming in through their news feed and users don’t even know that what they are looking at are ads. Facebook’s mobile ad click-through rate is an astounding four times higher than Twitter!
Facebook, Instagram and Cameras
In the past, Facebook’s weak spot was mobile. They were behind the eight ball for developing a robust app so with the purchase of Instagram, Facebook took the lead in this market. It shows the marketplace that Facebook is serious about mobile. Instagram is solely a mobile app. You have to view photos through a Instagram partner, but Facebook might be rolling out an Instagram.com profile where users can share their photos through the web. It could be a whole new social network like Pinterest.
Steve Jobs was a mentor for Mark Zuckerberg and Facebook is rumored to come out with their own smart phone. They could be taking a leaf out of Apple’s book and be working on a whole new market in the smart phone industry. It would be a whole new developer marketplace that is perfectly feasible. At some point, there will be more mobile phone subscriptions than there are people on the planet. The whole world is in your hand with a smart phone. You can check your e-mail, check in with friends, view the news, use apps to do just about anything. It is only going to grow and it is a wonderful thing for connecting people among the world. The Facebook mobile app is still relatively limited. For example, you can’t share with the app. So, many people are using Safari to view Facebook on their smart phone and accessing the social media network that way. Facebook might very well venture into the hardware market in the near future to further capture market share within the prominently growing mobile marketplace.
Facebook Page Manager App
Facebook page manager is a great way to manage multiple pages. You can have access to your page on the fly, post content and quickly reply to comments and moderate them. Its very helpful for business owners and entrepreneurs. The latest update to the Facebook iOS and Android apps will now let you tag your friends in status posts and comments. The feature, which has long been available on the Facebook website, can be activated by typing “@” followed by the name of the friend you want to tag in your comment or status update. You can use this feature on the iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad or any Android device running the latest version of the Facebook app. The biggest feature that is still missing, however, in the Facebook mobile app is share. This means half a billion people per day are not able to share something on their mobile device.
Marketing Tips for Businesses
Mobile users should be engaged and treated differently. It is all about content. Mobile users default to the news feed so the more you can be an effective producer of content the better.
Shorter posts are better – 160 characters or less
Be entertaining
Make use of photos
Ask questions that are short and sweet
Include a call to action such as “like” or “add your comment” or “click here”.
Local Businesses and Facebook Mobile Marketing
For the longest time, people could setup a check-in deal. Offers are only available if you have a place page. But if you do not have a place page and can’t setup an offer, you can instead periodically post a status update, for example, “Are you reading this on your mobile phone, come in for a free latte.” Every single member of your staff should know all the ins-and-outs of what your company is doing on social media. Offer a coupon on-the-spot if people check-in. Encourage visitors to take a photograph of themselves in your store and post it on Facebook. It can go a long way and get people excited if they see their friends at the store.
Facebook and the Future of Marketing
There have been a lot of changes with Facebook since it went public. Some of the changes include “promoted posts” and it is more difficult to get into the news feed. Edgerank is the algorithm that all content passes through on Facebook. Content passes through the Edgerank filter, and that is how it is determined what content will show in the news feed. Ultimately, Facebook is saying that they are only going to display your content on average to sixteen percent of your fans. There are, however, some tools that can increase your visibility on Facebook.
Ads
Friends Lists
Interest Lists
Sponsored Stories
Promoted Posts
Reach Generator guarantees up to seventy-five percent of your content
As a marketer, you can do some split testing and allocate a budget to see which will work well for you:
Either a sponsored story which is a post made on your fan page that is turned into an ad
Promoted posts which will be visible to mobile users and is given more visibility in the news feed, which is what people look at on their mobile device.
There are some creative ways around this. Fan pages like George Takei (an actor) is a page that has a phenomenal following and has a very high engagement rate. Study fan pages that are successful and watch their page to see how these brands are achieving fan engagement. People on Facebook want to know that there is a real human being behind the brand.
Business owners have put an enormous investment into creating a fan base. People have expressed concern and frustration resulting from Facebook now requesting more investment to get your content visible to more than sixteen percent. Next to every single post on Facebook, you are given the option to pay for your post to be more visible. The large denominator problem is when companies have a huge fan base, so if that person is not regularly interacting with the fan page, they will not see the content. It can get very pricey to promote a post, sometimes from three hundred to five hundred dollars per post.
Why would you use a Promoted Post on Facebook?
If you have a webinar or special event coming up a promoted post could be a good option. Some companies have been able to double their reach, increase engagement with promoted posts. If a page has a low number of fans or has plated or a low engagement rate such as less than two percent, you might want to play with promoted posts to see if it is a worthy advantage. You can better reach the mobile users with a promoted post.
Web Hosting Tips for Facebook Visibility
If you are like the majority of business owners, you have a website or blog that serves as your ultimate destination for visitors. Some people call it their “money site”. A Facebook fan page for your business can funnel visitors to your website or blog, where hopefully that visitor will perform the MDA (most desired action) such as joining your e-mail list or purchasing a product. So, as a business owner, it is imperative to keep a professional looking website or blog online. This can be done with a web hosting account through a reputable hosting firm that offers tools such as WordPress, Joomla, or Drupal content management systems for creating an engaging web presence.
When you’re used to one operating system, it can be easy to look at other operating systems almost as if they were apps. If you use one OS on your desktop, you might think of another OS as the app that people use to run servers, and another OS as the app that plays games, and so on. We sometimes forget that an operating system is the part of a computer that manages a countless number of tasks (millions per second, technically), and they’re usually designed to be capable of a diverse set of tasks. When people ask me what Linux does, I usually ask what they want it to do. There’s no single answer, so here are five surprising things I do with Linux.
1. Laser cutting with Linux
Image by:
(MSRaynsford, CC BY-NC 4.0)
At my nearest makerspace, there’s a big industrial machine, about the size of a sofa, that slices through all kinds of materials according to a simple line-drawing design file. It’s a powerful laser cutter, and I the first time I used it I was surprised to find that it just connected to my Linux laptop with a USB cable. In fact, in many ways, it was easier to connect to this laser cutter than it is to connect with many desktop printers, many of which require over-complicated and bloated drivers.
Using Inkscape and a simple plugin, you can design cut lines for industrial laser cutters. Design a case for your Raspberry Pi laptop, use these Creative Commons design plans to build a cryptex lockbox, cut out a sign for your shopfront, or whatever it is you have in mind.
2. Gaming on Linux
Image by:
The Lutris desktop client
Open source has always had games, and there have been some high profile Linux games in the recent past. The first gaming PC I built was a Linux PC, and I don’t think any of the people I had over for friendly couch co-op games realized they were using Linux by playing. And that’s a good thing. It’s a smooth and seamless experience, and the sky’s the limit, depending on how much you want to spend on hardware.
What’s more is that it’s not just the games that have been coming to Linux, but the platform too. Valve’s recent Steam Deck is a popular handheld gaming console that runs Linux. Better still, many open source software titles have been publishing releases on Steam, including Blender and Krita, as ways to encourage wider adoption.
3. Office work on Linux
Linux, like life, isn’t always necessarily exciting. Sometimes, you need a computer to do ordinary things, like when you pay bills, make a budget, or write a paper for school or a report for work. Regardless of the task, Linux is also normal, everyday desktop computer. You can use Linux for the mundane, the everyday, the “usual”.
You’re not limited to just the big name applications, either. I do my fair share of work in the excellent LibreOffice suite, but on my oldest computer I use the simpler Abiword instead. Sometimes, I like to explore Calligra, the KDE office suite, and when there’s precision design work to be done (including specialized procedural design work), I use Scribus.
The greatest thing about using Linux for everyday tasks is that ultimately nobody knows what you used to get to the end product. Your tool chain and your workflow is yours, and the results are as good or better than what locked-down, non-open software produces. I have found that using Linux for the everyday tasks makes those tasks more fun for me, because open source software inherently permits me to develop my own path to my desired outcome. I try to create solutions that help me get work done efficiently, or that help me automate important tasks, but I also just enjoy the flexibility of the system. I don’t want to adapt for my tool chain, I want to adapt my tools so that they work for me.
4. Music production on Linux
I’m a hobbyist musician, and before I started doing all of my production on computers I owned several synthesizers and sequencers and multi-track recorders. One reason it took me as long as it did to switch to computer music was that it didn’t feel modular enough for me. When you’re used to wiring physical boxes to one another to route sound through filters and effects and mixers and auxiliary mixers, an all-in-one application looks a little underwhelming.
It’s not that an all-in-one app isn’t appreciated, by any means. I like being able to open up one application, like LMMS, that happens to have everything I want. However, in practice it seems that no music application I tried on a computer actually had everything I needed.
When I switched to Linux, I discovered a landscape built with modularity as one of its founding principles. I found applications that were just sequencers, applications that were just synthesizers, mixers, recorders, patch bays, and so on. I could build my own studio on my computer just as I’d built my own studio in real life. Audio production has developed in leaps and bounds on Linux, and today there are open source applications that can act as a unified control center while retaining the extensibility to pull in sounds from elsewhere on the system. For a patchwork producer like me, it’s a dream studio.
5. Retro computing on Linux
I don’t like throwing away old computers, because very rarely do old computers actually die. Usually, an old computer is “outgrown” by the rest of the world. Operating systems get too bloated for an old computer to handle, so you stop getting OS and security updates, applications start to demand resources your old computer just doesn’t have, and so on.
I tend to adopt old computers, putting them to work as either lab machines or home servers. Lately, I find that adding an SSD drive to serve as the root partition, and using XFCE or a similar lightweight desktop, makes even a computer from the previous decade a pleasantly usable machine for a lot more work than you might expect. Graphic design, web design, programming, stop-motion animation, and much more, are trivial tasks on low spec machines, to say nothing of simple office work. With Linux driving a machine, it’s a wonder businesses ever upgrade.
Everybody has their favorite “rescue” distribution. Mine are Slackware and Mageia, both of which still release 32-bit installer images. Mageia is RPM-based, too, so you can use modern packaging tools like dnf and rpmbuild.
Bonus: Linux servers
OK, I admit Linux on servers isn’t at all surprising. In fact, to people who know of Linux but don’t use Linux themselves, a data center is usually the first thing that pops into their heads when “Linux” is mentioned. The problem with that assumption is that it can make it seem obvious that Linux ought to be great on the server, as if Linux doesn’t even have to try. It’s a flattering sentiment, but the fact is that Linux is great on servers because there’s a monumental effort across global development teams to make Linux especially effective at what it does.
It isn’t by chance that Linux is the robust operating system that powers most of the internet, most of the cloud, nearly all the supercomputers in existence, and more. Linux isn’t stagnate, and while it has a rich history behind it, it’s not so steeped in tradition that it fails to progress. New technologies are being developed all the time, and Linux is a part of that progress. Modern Linux adapts to growing demands from a changing world to make it possible for systems administrators to provide networked services to people all over the world.
It’s not everything Linux can do, but it’s no small feat, either.
I remember the first time I met someone who’d grown up using Linux. It never seemed to happen for most of the time I’ve been a Linux user, but lately it’s relatively common. I think the most surprising encounter was with a young woman, toddler in tow, who saw whatever geeky t-shirt I was wearing at the time and casually mentioned that she also used Linux, because she’d grown up with it. It actually made me a little jealous, but then I remembered that Unix on a desktop computer simply didn’t exist when I was growing up. Still, it’s fun to think about how casual Linux has become over the past few decades. It’s even more fun to be a part of it.
Hello and Welcome back to my new Blog post, How to Hack Insragram Account in 2020. If You Like this Blog Share with your Friends for support us.
Instagram is one of the most popular social media apps today. But is it possible to hackInstagram username and password? Well, we live in a world of endless possibilities and hacking an Instagram profile is no exception. In this article, we look at several ways through which you can successfully break into any Instagram account.
However, keep in mind that hacking into another person’s Instagram account is illegal. This article is intended for entertainment purposes only and the tutorials contained here should only be used to get back your own IG account in case it is stolen or when you forget your password.
So without much further ado, let’s dive into the seven ways to hack an Instagram account successfully.
Table of Methods for Quick Navigating:
– Method 1: Using Keyloggers
– Method 2: Brute Force
– Method 3: Phishing
– Method 4: Password Reset
– Method 5: Creating a Fake Instagram App
– Method 6: Hacking a Facebook Account to Gain Access to Instagram
– Method 7: Hacking Instagram Account using Social Engineering Skills
Method 1: Using Keyloggers
You can use keyloggers to hack an Instagram account fast and easy. A keylogger is basically a special software program that can record your victim’s keyboard activity to the alphabet level and save the information in a file. This means that when your victim logs into Instagram with their username and password, the keylogger will save the details just for you. If you want to hack an account from a computer you can use Keylogger but since 95% of users access Instagram via mobile devices, we recommend using mobile keylogger apps such as mSpy, iKeyMonitor etc.
mSpy
mSpy has been around for quite some time and keeps on adding new features every so often. The spy app gives you access to everything happening on Instagram including photos, messages, contact lists, videos and much more. The app has a keylogger feature that will allow you to easily hack your targeted victim’s Instagram password.
mSpy basically sends you all the media stored on the victim’s mobile phone. The application can even monitor and hack other platforms such as Snapchat, WhatsApp, Viber, and many more. Hacking Instagram via mSpy is currently available for both Android and iPhone devices. We’ve personally tested this app and can verify that it does work perfectly.
Download the mSpy app from internet
FlexiSpy
FlexiSpy is another high-quality spy program that can spy on Instagram and show you most of the activities taking place on the social media platform. It has the latest spying features for other popular social media platforms including Skype, Facebook, and Instagram. Another great thing about FlexiSpy is its call recording feature. It works in the same way as mSpy in hacking Instagram passwords.
Other popular spying apps include XNSPY and Mobistealth. Both cover Instagram in their spying capabilities and can be used on iPhones and Android devices.HackingInstagram using any of the abovementioned apps is quite easy. All you need to do is buy the software license online, download the app and install it on the phone or device that you plan to hack, and then watch all the reports including logging details being relayed on your online dashboard. You don’t have to be near the hacked person. You can access the data from anywhere in the world as long as you have an Internet connection.
These spy programs allow you to hack into any Instagram account without the account owner’s knowledge. All you need to do is find a way to install the program on the target phone and you’ll start getting all the reports remotely.
Method 2: Brute Force
Brute force basically refers to a hacking technique that tries to crack a password using every possible combination of phrases or words. The method usually uses a list based on a given input to crack the password. The brute-force method requires special cracking software made specifically for password cracking purposes. One of the most popular password cracking software is InstaRipper.
InstaRipper
InstaRipper, available at InstaRipper.com, is an app that every Instagram user deserves to have, or at least know about. It has a powerful password cracking feature that can allow you to recover your lost password within a few minutes. However, the authors of the program clearly state that they will not be held responsible for any illegal activity that users may perform using the tool, such as hacking other people’s accounts without the account owners’ consent.
InstaRipper uses a modified version of brute force to crack passwords. The secret to its success lies inside the tool’s complex code. InstaRipper comes with a customized add-on in its code. This is because Instagram blocks your IP address after you try to log in several times without success, which is basically how brute-force works.
To avoid Instagram from blocking your IP, the tool comes with a mask feature that allows it to change to new fresh IPs after a few failed login attempts. It does this automatically without arousing Instagram’s attention. InstaRipper has its own VPNserver that provides it with virtual IP addresses to allow you unlimited cracking attempts. Want to learn more about InstaRipper? It’s a user-friendly and easy-to-use software program that works on all modern devices including mobile and desktop devices. It supports Windows, Mac, Android, and iOS platforms.
Method 3: Phishing
Phishing is an old hacking method but still works like a charm today. It’s still a popular hacking trick that helps you figure out someone’s Instagram login details. So what is phishing all about?
Phishing involves creating a fake website that looks exactly as the real login page of a popular website such as Instagram. You can gain access to someone’s Instagram account when they enter their passwords and usernames on this fake page. This is possible because you created this fake page to capture all the data that the tricked user enters into the page. You have full control over the page and the data entered by the users.
To hack an Instagram account using phishing methods, you have to start by creating a fake Instagram login page and send it to the user you intend to hack. When the target logs in via this fake page, their private login details are saved on a file and the victim is redirected to a real Instagram login page. They’ll never know that they have just revealed their login details to you.
There are many ways of creating a fake Instagram login page but the easiest one we know so far is via Z-Shadow. Simply go to Z-Shadow, open a new account and then log in to your account. Scroll down and click to get to page three which shows a wide range of pages you can clone. Instagram is number 35 on the list. Simply copy the link and paste it on a new tab then press enter to see the Instagram clone page you’ve created. If anyone logs in via this page, you’ll capture their login details including passwords. You’ll find the passwords in your Z-Shadow account when you click on My Victim. It’s an easy and effective way of hacking Instagram passwords. All you need to do is to send the unsuspecting victim to your fake login page.
Method 4: Password Reset
In this method, you only need to have physical access to the targeted person’s phone to access his or her account. You simply get the person’s phone, open the Instagram app, and request for a password reset. An SMS will immediately be sent to the phone allowing you to set a new password. This method is also used to steal someone else’s Instagram account forever but can still be used to hack into the account temporarily. If you can access your victim’s phone, email account, or Facebook account, you can easily request a password reset from Instagram and hack the account instantly.
Method 5: Creating a Fake Instagram App
If you can already create a fake Instagram login page in Method 3 above, then why not create a fake Instagram app that looks exactly like the original and collect users’ data from the app? It is easy to create an Instagram clone app if you have the necessary skills or the patience and time to learn Android Application development. Once you have built your app, the remaining job is to make sure your victim downloads the fake app on their phone and uses it to log in to Instagram. Make sure the app redirects the targeted person to the real Instagram login page after you’ve collected their data in order to avoid raising any suspicion.
Method 6: Hacking a Facebook Account to Gain Access to Instagram
A majority of Instagram users have linked their Accounts with Facebook. If you can hack someone’s FB account, then you can easily gain access into their Instagram account. There are several ways of hacking into a Facebook account.
One of the most popular methods of hacking a FB profile is through Spyzie, a powerful mobile spy application. Spyzie is an extremely useful tool that helps you hack any Facebook password easily. You can even use the tool to hack any Gmail account besides FB and gain access to the victim’s Instagram account.
Another popular Facebook cracking program is Face Geek. You can easily hack anyone’s FB account using Face Geek as long as you have the person’s Facebook username. Face Geek is also available free of charge. Once you have hacked the victim’s Facebook account, you’ll then gain access to their Instagram account.
Method 7: Hacking Instagram Account using Social Engineering Skills
The basic concept in social engineering is to trick your victims to tell you their username and password indirectly. Social engineering has been around for years. It is an art of making people to actually give you specific information that you are looking for rather than use brute force or spy apps to get the information.
Most social engineering tricks are used to get the victim’s username and password combination for a specific website. You can apply the same social engineering skills to acquire the Instagram username and password from your targeted victim and use the data to gain access into their Instagram account. Most social engineering skills typically imitate a representative from the platform, in this case Instagram, who contacts you about a breach in the company’s security which has made it necessary for all users to change their passwords. They’ll even ask you to provide a unique password for your account.
Most Instagram social engineering tactics work 50% of the time in the real world. All it takes to succeed in social engineering is to have a good understanding of your victim’s typical behavior and what kind of password they’d set for their account. You’d be surprised by the number of people who use their names, their pet’s name, or girlfriend’s phone number as their password. Most people are quite predictable once you get to know them well.
Social engineering is not only restricted to guessing passwords. You can use the tactic to drive your potential victim to a fake phishing page that you have specifically created to collect passwords. You have to convince the person to log in their account via your page through social engineering. People love free things. You could entice them to your page with the promise of a freebie.
Another good example is the use of Spoof Calls. Spoof calls allow you to change a mobile number to anything. You can even prank a person by calling them using their own number. One of the best spoof calls website is SpoofCard. It is a paid service and illegal in some countries such as India. SpoofCard gives you a platform to put your social engineering skills to practice through the phone.
Finalizing
So we hope you’ve learned something new today. Keep in mind to never hack Instagram account which doesn’t belong to you, as this is not ethical and may bring you into trouble. So stay on safe side and use this information just for personal needs.
If you want daily hacking tutorial and want to learn ethical hacking then Join our telegram channel and also we are sharing free udemy courses, so don’t forget to join.
Salesforce has announced the acquisition of Troops.ai, a revenue and communications platform that uses Slack and Microsoft Teams bots to surface CRM data from platforms such as Salesforce.
Salesforce said in a statement that Troops and its team will become part of Slack—which it acquired in 2020—when the deal closes in 2023. The terms of the deal were not announced, but Troops.ai had raised $19.4 million to date according to Crunchbase, including investment from Slack’s own venture fund.
The purchase comes two months after Salesforce co-CEO Bret Taylor told analysts that Salesforce doesn’t have “plans for any material M&A in the near term.”
Founded in New York in 2016, Troops aims to help streamline the data management process and provide users with real-time insights surfaced from ‘systems of record’ like Salesforce, Hubspot, and Zendesk, into ‘systems of engagement’ like Slack, and Microsoft Teams using software bots.
“We’ve been a leader in the industry, working with some of the fastest-growing companies in the world, including Salesforce and Slack,” Troops’ CEO and cofounder Dan Reich wrote in a blog post. “We’ve done this by delivering real-time insights from systems of record like Salesforce to systems of engagement like Slack, bringing together information and actions that customer-facing teams need to close new deals and support existing customers.”
Since acquiring Slack, Salesforce has continued to benefit financially from the ongoing popularity of the messaging platform. In its latest financial results, Salesforce generated total revenues of $7.3 billion, an increase of 26% year-on-year and the company said it expects a contribution of $1.5 billion in sales from Slack in its 2023 fiscal year.
A web application is a client-server computer program that is stored on a remote server and delivered through the internet via a web browser.
Some common web apps you’ve probably worked with include Google Docs, Pixlr, Evernote, Trello, and Netflix. Essentially, a web app is an online computer program that can help you perform a function, rather than just take in information.
If you’re a business, having a customized web application can not only benefit your employees, but can benefit your customers. Here are six benefits of a customized web application:
It’s Tailor Made
A web application made for your business by a web development company will be exactly what you need to solve your problems. The application will be created to serve the specific purpose you need it for, and you can rest assured your application will be able to handle all your business’ requirements.
It’s Scalable
Sure, off the shelf software may address most of your business’ needs, however it’s not as scalable as something custom built. Having a custom web app developed will guarantee that your application can grow as your business does, and you won’t be forced to switch to a more expensive program or worry about costly license purchases.
It’s Safe.
Most online hacking comes from hackers being knowledgeable of weak points in commonly used software, which can put a big target on your business if you use one of those softwares. To hack a custom coded application would take much more time and effort to learn the program, so it will be a less attractive target.
It’s Adaptable.
If your business already uses a few other softwares, it’s no problem to create your custom web app to flow seamlessly with them. Unlike utilizing multiple off the shelf solutions which often will not work together efficiently, a custom web app can be created with your other preferred softwares in mind, ensuring a higher productivity and easy workflow.
It’s Consistently Maintained.
When you use a commercial software, you’re forced to count on that software development company to keep your software running. If the company shuts down or if they decide to no longer maintain that app, you’ll be forced to switch softwares, which can be an unexpected expense for your business.
You Can Save Money Over Time.
Of course, having a custom web app built isn’t necessarily cheaper than using something off the shelf, but over time it can save you a great deal of money. You won’t have to pay for licensing packages or purchase extra hardware, because your application can be built to work with your existing hardware. You’ll also own your application, so you won’t have to pay to use it (only for maintenance).
The numbers speak for themselves: Nine out of 10 security leaders believe their organization is falling short in addressing cyber risks, according to Foundry’s 2021 Security Priorities Study.
And while investing in hardware and software to better protect sensitive data from cyberattacks is a best practice, it is not cheap.
However, many small and midsize business (SMB) leaders mistakenly believe their organizations are not targets, and that spending more money on IT security is wasteful if they haven’t been breached, says Candid Wüest, Vice President of Cyber Protection Research at Acronis.
Yet, many organizations allocate less than 10% of their IT budget on security, according to a new report from Acronis.
But the problem is not just with security spending, Wüest adds; small budgets in general make it difficult to fulfill all business needs.
Also, he says, many SMBs use third-party security services, making “the amount of work that goes into data protection and security, as well as the benefits of doing so, harder for the CEO or president to see.”
The security risks for SMBs are rising
The truth is that cyberattacks are getting more sophisticated because attackers are now using automation and machine learning, making it more difficult to block threats with traditional security solutions.
“This is especially true as organizations embrace digital transformation and use new online services, which need to be protected,” Wüest says. “Without adapting and updating the cyber protection stack, these security gaps will grow over time, making it easier for attackers to find holes and breach them.”
Meanwhile, employees continue to pose threats. The Acronis research found that 56% of workers lost data at least once in 2021, due to accidental deletions, app/system crashes, malware attacks, a lost/stolen device, and other reasons. In addition, 26% lost data multiple times.
Cyberattacks can be devastating to businesses of any size, causing them to incur stiff financial penalties, downtime-related revenue loss, and severe reputational damage. In fact, 76% of organizations experienced downtime due to data loss in the last year — a 25% increase over the previous year, according to the Acronis report.
Cybersecurity investment tips
So, how do you convince company executives to increase your security budget?
One way to prove the need for security software is to run an attack exercise or an external penetration test to show potential gaps in your protection stack. A list of these vulnerabilities should be accompanied by a plan with how to address them, Wüest says.
For example, having metrics on the number of blocked incidents in the IT environment can help illustrate the risks. Combine that with recently publicized examples of what could happen if an organization is not prepared, as well as an explanation of how vendors or managed security services providers (MSSP) can close gaps.
Other protection measures include strong authentication, setting appropriate access and control privileges, timely patch management, and the use of segmented networks. Also, ensure you have backups and a disaster recovery plan to minimize downtime when an incident occurs.
“These steps should be followed by a good email security solution,” Wüest says. “Most attacks start with a malicious email or phishing attack. If these threats can be filtered out before they reach the user’s inbox, then the risk can be minimized.”
Because there are many moving parts that need to be analyzed, it is also important to consolidate vendors and look for automated and integrated solutions, he advises. “This can help save overall costs and free up some budget.”
From applications to infrastructure, click here to see how Acronis can help your organization fill security gaps and protect your business.
FastFinder is a lightweight tool made for threat hunting, live forensics and triage on both Windows and Linux Platforms. It is focused on endpoint enumeration and suspicious file finding based on various criterias:
Compiled release of this software are available. If you want to compile from sources, it could be a little bit tricky because it strongly depends of go-yara and CGO compilation. Anyway, you’ll find a detailed documentation for windows and for linux
input:
path: [] # match file path AND / OR file name based on simple string
content:
grep: [] # match literal string value inside file content
yara: [] # use yara rule and specify rules path(s) for more complex pattern search (wildcards / regex / conditions)
checksum: [] # parse for md5/sha1/sha256 in file content
options:
contentMatchDependsOnPathMatch: true # if true, paths are a pre-filter for content searchs. If false, paths and content both generate matchs
findInHardDrives: true # enumerate hard drive content
findInRemovableDrives: true # enumerate removable drive content
findInNetworkDrives: true # enumerate network drive content
findInCDRomDrives: true # enumerate physical CD-ROM and mounted iso / vhd…
output:
copyMatchingFiles: true # create a copy of every matching file
base64Files: true # base64 matched content before copy
filesCopyPath: ” # empty value will copy matched files in the fastfinder.exe folder
advancedparameters:
yaraRC4Key: ” # yara rules can be (un)/ciphered using the specified RC4 key
maxScanFilesize: 2048 # ignore files up to maxScanFileSize Mb (default: 2048)
cleanMemoryIfFileGreaterThanSize: 512 # clean fastfinder internal memory after heavy file scan (default: 512Mb)
Search everywhere or in specified paths:
use ‘?’ in paths for simple char wildcard (eg. powershe??.exe)
use ‘\*’ in paths for multiple chars wildcard (eg. \*.exe)
regular expressions are also available , just enclose paths with slashes (eg. /[0-9]{8}\.exe/)
environment variables can also be used (eg. %TEMP%\myfile.exe)
Microsoft
.png "FastFinder : Incident Response – Fast Suspicious File Finder")