Savvy businesses are aware that having a web presence of their business is not enough to remain competitive in the market. If you are not leveraging on mobile app, then you will be leaving a lot of money and opportunity on the table. According to statistics, 80% of the internet users own a smartphone and more than 25% consumers use a branded app for mobile research. They prefer to access the internet through their mobile devices. So, for all the business owners out there, it is time to create an app for your business so that your consumers can easily get connected over their hand devices and reach out to you for the services or products.
But what does this mean for the mobile app developers? More work and more projects in iOS, Android and mobile web? But there are few other things that you should also be prepared for. Today, business owners are moving to mobile. So, be ready to answer their questions during the interview with the hiring manager.
Here are some questions that they might put up before you before they hire you to develop your app.
Can you show some examples of mobile apps that you have created?
While facing clients looking for mobile app development partnership, mobile developers should come prepared to show their past work as well as some ongoing projects because this will indicate what you can contribute to the clients in case they hire you. The customers will always try to get an idea of what you have developed in the past and try to determine the technologies that you have worked on. Your work will also help them judge your skill set and experience and help them take a decision whether you are the best or not.
A thorough study of the portfolio will act as the best guide for understanding the quality of work that you provide. Repeat clients, result based facts and figures also reveal the real picture that will help to gain trust.
What are your core services?
Mobile app developers are the ones who are responsible for creating the app from the scratch and deliver it to the customers. The client company might ask you about your core services just to know whether you offer a full package to complete all processes from offering business analysis to developing modern and high quality app. You should be prepared to answer them and show your expertise in delivering customized projects that require working with modern app development frameworks and tools.
What is your app development process?
It is important to know about how the service providers will operate in the most crucial time. It is important for you to remain prepared about your development process and the strategies that you will adopt in case some unexpected problems arise. Be prepared to explain the methodologies that you would follow while building the application. This will help to gain reliability and also respond to any challenges that can be produced during the development process. Business owners usually prefer to choose agile development as it is a better approach and helps to make essential changes even during the development process.
What is your checklist for testing an app before launch?
Mobile app developers are responsible for creating the app from the scratch and delivering it to the customers. Your client may ask you about your app testing approach before the final release. Are you responsible only for creating an app or would you perform a comprehensive testing to confirm any errors or bugs in it? Anticipate these questions and prepare your answers as a test will require large beta groups, app updates, bug fixes and also the submission process to get the app into the store. Showing complete awareness of the entire process will help to impress your client as a mobile app developer.
Do you have any rewards, recognition or client references?
Any reliable mobile company will be able to show some awards and recognitions by top ranking organizations, magazines or media. Look out if your developers and designers have been credited anywhere on the internet and also ask your clients to share their views and recommendations on social media or YouTube. You can use the client’s testimonials to prove your credibility and also give their references so that your clients can directly take a feedback from them.
What is your preferred communication means during the app development process?
Since app development requires good collaboration between the client and the team, your client may want to know the means of communication with the developers and project managers throughout the development process. Be prepared and be very clear about your work style and communication means and how you will update your client about the work proceedings. If you prefer video conferencing meetings or emails, make sure to convey the preferences to your client so that they can be well prepared to work with you.
How do you calculate the app pricing?
Since making a business mobile app is a big investment and you cannot usually overlook the expenses, it is important to plan your budget beforehand. Your customer may ask you about the time and money that they will have to spend on the mobile app. So, make them understand the billing procedure and any other extra claims that you might charge while creating the app. Don’t overprice and be alert of all the expenses and maintain a proper invoice for each assignment.
Chef is taking a tough examination. The question paper consists of objective problems and each problem has options and , out of which, exactly one option is correct.
Since Chef did not study for the exam, he does not know the answer to any of the problems. Chef was looking nearby for help when his friend somehow communicated the following information:
Exactly problems have option as the answer.
Exactly problems have option as the answer.
Exactly problems have option
Exactly problems have option as the answer.
Note that:
Each problem is worth exactly mark and there is no negative marking.
Even though Chef knows the number of correct options of each type, he does not know the correct answer to any problem.
Based on the given information, find the maximum marks Chef can guarantee if he marks the answers optimally
Input Format
First line will contain , number of test cases. Then the test cases follow.
First line of each test case contains an integer denoting the number of problems.
Second line of each test case contains integers and – as mentioned in the problem statement.
When Apple announced recently that it was discontinuing macOS Server, the move didn’t come as a huge surprise. Apple has been deprecating and removing its core services for a while, and moving others – such as Caching Service – into the macOS itself.
But let’s take a moment to say goodbye and contemplate what we will do without it.
MacOS Server has a long and storied history. It pre-dated Mac OS X by a year, launching initially in 1999. One of its cardinal features was Open Directory, which launched within Mac OS X Panther Server. It was Apple’s answer to Microsoft’s Active Directory and was a powerful solution for managing Macs, user accounts, and any settings on a Mac bound to it. It also integrated nicely with Active Directory, making it a solution for mixed Mac and Windows environments.
Open Directory was one of the last services standing in macOS Server.
At one point, it was a complete solution – particularly for small and mid-size organizations – after the Leopard Server release of 2007, which included a simplified setup option. In fact, as Apple killed off several enterprise hardware products (the xServe and xServe RAID), the focus of macOS Server changed from being a product for large enterprises to one that better serviced small businesses centered around a Mac mini server (though any Mac could run macOS Server).
While lower-end Macs as servers could reliably power smaller organizations, their hardware limited their use in large businesses. The Mac Pro was the only remaining Apple product capable of functioning as a truly enterprise server.
What was left standing
After Apple removed almost all of macOS Server features in 2018 and suggested some alternatives for organizations still based around it (most of those options were open-source versions Apple had built into macOS Server), very little remained of the main product. The only services still in place were Open Directory and Profile Manager. And Profile Manager was a lightweight Apple device manager console that was more limited than competing enterprise mobility management (EMM) solutions.
What comes next?
Although macOS Server is no longer available through the Mac App Store, the company says existing customers can continue using it if they already have it installed. While that concession might be helpful in the short term for Mac-based or Mac-centric organizations, it isn’t a signal that macOS Server will continue and users can happily keep using it. This is little more than a life raft or stop gap.
Yes, you can use it, but not forever. You need to find a replacement ASAP.
What should you replace macOS Server with?
Since organizations have had four years to migrate most services, ideally to the cloud, the only services that will likely need to be replaced now are Open Directory and Profile Manager.
Your best option for replacing Profile Manager is to use a third-party enterprise mobile management (EMM) vendor. It’s important to note that EMM solutions that can manage iOS devices and Apple TVs can also manage Macs.
For organizations that are Mac-only or Mac-specific, options include JAMF, Kandji, SimpleMDM, and Addigy.
For small businesses, Apple has created a base EMM tool known as Apple Business Essentials; it provides cloud-based Apple device management, but is limited to organizations with 500 or fewer employees.
Multi-platform and Windows-based networks should consider EMM tools from the primary vendor that’s already a part of your enterprise stack (Microsoft, VMWare, Citrix, Ciso, etc.) or choose another product if it delivers feature or user-experience benefits you’d like to have but that the primary vendor does not offer.
Apple Business Manager and Apple School Manager
Apple does have some cloud-based tools for larger businesses in the form Apple Business Manager and its companion Apple School Manager. Organizations typically use these in conjunction with Managed Apple IDs as an authentication and user-management solution. You can directly interact with these tools — and in some cases, you will need to do just that, depending on your user/device authenticator.
Apple Business Manager, for example can link to Azure AD. If you use a different cloud-based authentication solution (such as Google Workspace or Okta), you’ll need to check if they can integrate with Apple Business or School Manager. One reason to use a third-party EMM solution is that these tools will generally manage any user/device authentication and access capabilities and manage and secure Macs and other Apple devices.
Going forward
Although macOS Server carries some nostalgia for people (including myself) who have used it for years, Apple has long made it clear that it intended to move out of the data center and head toward cloud services. The good news, though, is that you have plenty of options, even if your organization is still built around macOS Server.
Many of the greatest and best apps that you could have bought last year, are now for free. Some people don’t mind paying for their apps, as long as it’s worth spending the money. However, now these apps, you will be able to get for free. These are well-known apps that you will enjoy working with. Here are a list of some of the best apps that people paid for, that are now free to download for everyone.
Hyperlapse
Hyperlapse is a popular app among Instagram users. This is an app to create really amazing time lapse videos that you can add to Instagram. With this app, you can use Instagram’s in-house stabilisation, and Hyperlapse shoots.
The one feature that makes this a great program is the fact that you can shoot handheld time lapse videos in motion. You can do this while you are walking, running, jumping or even falling. Some of the other great features include:
You will be able to smooth out your video for cinematic quality with a great automatic stabilisation;
It will also be able to speed up your Hyperlapse to be a speed of up to 12 times the normal speed;
And, you can download and start using immediately. You don’t need to sign up to anything.
My Rec
My Rec is great for those who like to do recordings. This app is to manage all your audio recordings. The app is easy and fast to use. And, the best part is that this app is now free to download.
You can use this app for voice memos, it is able to record calls and to save reminders. You can even use this app to record lectures or meetings where you need to make notes from. This recording app has many features that you will not find with any other recorder, like;
It delivers high quality recordings for up to 44Khz / 320 kbps;
This app is an app that you can instantly use. All that you need to do, is to open the app and start using it.
You can register anonymously for more privacy and it can also record in the background.
With this app you will not have a limit to the recording length, like some of the other recording apps.
Sketch Hack
If you are looking for a great app that you can get now for free, then the Sketch Hack is the one app that you should download now.
We know that there are many different types of apps for sketching on your phone, but not all of them are as great as this one. This isn’t just another drawing app, this is one of the best drawing app that you can now get for free. And, these features will prove that this is the app for the creative person:
You will have access to more than 90 different types of brushes;
There are unlimited of undo’s and redo’s if you have made a mistake with your drawing;
You can add as many layers as what your smartphone or tablet could handle;
It will even auto save your work, automatically. This will happen frequently, so you don’t have to worry about losing your drawing, when your app shut down, accidentally.
You have to be deeply committed to multiple forms of denial to not recognize that the world is changing. And while not every change is positive, one that makes more sense than most is the chance to create distributed. remote workforces at scale that are more flexible, diverse, and resilient than what we had before.
It’s time to seize the moment
For two years, technology has supported a new era of flexibility. Many employers now recognize that remote work can be just as — and sometimes more — productive than the in-person experience, while employees have enjoyedthe flexibility of working when it’s most productive to them, reducing risk of burning out.
Among other things, the upside of the dark cloud that is the pandemic has been seen in better family relationships, a much easier commute, and the opportunity to hire more diverse workforces as marginalized groups gain representation. Introverts have found it easier to make valuable asynchronous contributions to their company, while more garrulous folk occupy endless hours in Zoom team meetings. The data, the experience, and the results, speak for themselves. It is possible to do great work remotely.
Is everyone at Apple involved in product design? Of course not; the majority of Apple’s staff hold business roles just like at any other giant corporation. They are in sales teams, customer service, analyst roles, regional managers, accountants, and all the other jobs that make up any company. Only a relatively small number of these people are involved in product design. To argue that the entire Apple enterprise is the tech equivalent of Willy Wonka’s Chocolate Factory is to ignore the fact that for every talented Oompah Woompah in product development, there’s probably a couple of hundred people in support roles that can easily be handled remotely.
The argument that employees who aren’t happy can simply get another job is also deeply obtuse and somewhat unrealistic. Certainly, Apple’s people are smart. But surely it’s time the company listened to its workers, rather than seek to oppose them. It’s an opportunity to reinvent the future of work. And undoubtedly, building effective digital replacements for casual collaboration is a product design challenge worth solving.
A recent Future Forum survey found that employee experience scores have declined across the board as workers are made to go back to the office, while a Topia studytells us an astonishing 94% of employees think they should be able to work from anywhere, as long as they get their work done.
That’s the point, isn’t it? Using technology to augment human potential, as a “bicycle for the mind” rather than ignoring tech to enslave the body.
I know of at least one huge multinational telecom services company that used digital processes to enable 90,000 employees to work effectively together during the pandemic. It worked closely with staff to make sure the tools it provided were the ones employees required, and as a global systems integration services provider, its people in turn empowered businesses with tens of thousands of employees to stay productive.
It can be done.
Airbnb CEO Brian Chesky thinks so. He believes the age of the traditional office is over, urging the creation of local collaboration spaces where small groups can gather when they need to — office as a service, with a focus on employee experience design.
The inevitability of gradualness
The thing is, changing workplace practices are utterly in keeping with the wider digital change transforming every enterprise. Automation is part of this, but by no means all of it. Industry 5.0 will be all about digital processes that augment human capabilities. That means humans and machines working together to accomplish more; automating and digitizing those “water cooler moments”is inevitably going to be part of that change. And are water cooler moments actually so valuable? Did Jony Ive, the man of the $530 Hermes measuring tape, really get ideas for a new Mac when queuing at that cooler with Sally from accounts?
I don’t think so.
Even my favorite-ever iMac design, the iMac G4, was visualized when then-CEO Steve Jobs and Ive were effectively working remotely, in this case when walking around Laurene Powell Job’s flower garden.
There are numerous studies that show simply going for a walk with others is one of the best ways to boost creative thinking, problem-solving, and collaboration. (Recognition that water cooler moments are overrated is presumably why Apple built a park in the middle of its HQ.)
I just hope it lets its workers walk there, rather than forcing them to stand by water coolers desperately trying to have s great idea.
All through the pandemic I came across reports refuting arguments emanating from authoritarian managers that people working from home were in some way being “lazy.”
This is nonsense
Employees worked their hearts out to keep businesses going, people put in more hours, became incredibly motivated, and the only widely reported problems were that not everyone had a comfortable place to work from, lacked bandwidth, and that many managers didn’t respect the work that was being done.
Some began to show a massive disrespect for people’s work/home life balance. Working from home should not mean taking a management call at 7 p.m., or being required to have a camera on you at all times. Working should be about clearly defined goals, targets, achievements and recognition. Presence, darling, is history.
But for many workers, including those at Apple, the reward for heroically holding businesses together during a global disaster is to be told they are lazy and must get back to the office.
What kind of reward is that?
What kind of motivation do you think that edict will provide? When the undercurrent seems to be that employees must conform or “get another job,” no company should be terribly surprised to see loyalty shrink, respect for authority atrophy, and productivity fall.
Why do your best work for a company that sees you as easily replaceable?
At Apple, around 76% of employees aren’t happy at with the company’s remote work plans. No wonder they want to unionize.
And these arguments extend beyond technology and its capacity to bolster what we can do. They go beyond the need to design employee experiences people want to spend eight hours a day in. They connect directly to an approach to help solve some of the really big problems we face.
Think about diversity
Apple knows how difficult it is to recruit from among under-represented groups. Every HR report on this matter I read (and I read lots of these things) tells me the perception that tech is some form of boy’s club is part of what stops people from joining the industry.
Remote work boosts diversity by helping to break that cycle of toxic masculinity, and enables less well-represented groups who can’t necessarily work in a 9-to-5 culture (such as new parents or people of disability) to join workforces. In other words, remote working should be seen as a tool to enable enterprises to deliver more diversity in recruitment. It’s all about creating flexibility and breaking down the power of negative perception by disempowering negative workplace culture and replacing it with more inclusive models. I know Apple recognizes the challenges of accessibility, so why this blind spot around the future of work?
Collaboration, imagination, technology driven innovation, and thinking different about all of them should be easy oceans for Apple to swim in, particularly if it remains dedicated to its mission of helping the crazy ones to change the world.
Though perhaps the abject failure of FaceTime to define video collaboration reflects a lack of vision at the company, a company that could now help build a new future of work, one which embraces both the square pegs and the round holes. Perhaps someone else will make solutions for the crazy ones in future?
I recently started a new job at MongoDB as a Principal Community Manager, spearheading the MongoDB Community Champions program. In that role, I faced two challenges.
First, I was joining a brand new, fully remote team. Not only was I new myself, but the team as a whole was just beginning to form, with new members coming on board a couple of times per month. This team was also spread across several time zones, with about half of them older, established members who’ve been with the company for a long time and know each other pretty well, and the other half entirely new faces.
Second, the Community Champions program started during the pandemic. As a result, program participants from around the world had very little opportunity to meet each other and meld as a group. I wanted to find out more about what they wanted to discuss and learn, so I could use that to plan out the first few months of programming. I also wanted to give them a chance to talk with each other about their interests.
I ran these scenarios past a friend of mine, the fabulous Donna Benjamin, and she suggested an extremely useful tool from the Open Practice Library: Lean Coffee.
What is Lean Coffee?
Lean Coffee is a structured but agenda-less meeting. Participants gather, build their own agenda, and begin talking.
You start with a Kanban board with To Discuss, Discussing, and Discussed columns. Optionally, you can add an Actions section to write down anything that needs following up after the meeting. Participants get a fixed amount of time to brainstorm topics to talk about. Each topic is then written on a sticky note.
All sticky notes are placed in the To Discuss column and clustered by grouping similar topics together, also known as affinity mapping. This is followed by a round of dot voting, which is exactly what it sounds like: voting by placing a dot on a sticky note to indicate your choice. At the end of the process, you might have a board that looks something like this:
Image by:
(Angie Byron, CC BY-SA 4.0)
The most popular topic moves to the Discussing column, then you set a timer for 5-7 minutes and start the group talking. When the timer goes off, everyone votes again on whether to keep going for another few minutes or switch to the next topic. Stickies are moved and topics are discussed accordingly until the allotted meeting time runs out.
Lean Coffee all but guarantees you’ll be harnessing the passion and interest of the group, since these are all going to be things they want to talk about. It’s also great because the format is extremely lightweight; you can do it with just a whiteboard, a few pens, and some sticky notes in person or with virtual tools that emulate them, such as Scrumbler.
So how might Lean Coffee work in practice?
Real-time remote team building
This is an example of utilizing the Lean Coffee pattern as intended: to foster a conversation among people who may or may not know each other, but for whom you want to try and surface commonalities and spark discussion.
First, choose a time that works best for your team as a whole. This is critical, because if your focus is on building up team cohesion, you do not want some of your team to feel left out. Lean Coffee can stretch or shrink to fill whatever time you have available, but an hour is a good amount of time.
Since you will be using virtual tools, you may want to begin with a short icebreaker exercise to get folks used to the tool and the voting process. For example, you could put up a couple of open-ended questions on sticky notes and allow people to vote on which one they want to answer as a group. Next, run the Lean Coffee exercise as documented: Set a timer, let each person drag over sticky notes and write down their topics, cluster the responses together, then discuss!
During our first run of these, we talked about everything from where we would most like to travel to what our favorite kinds of food were and what hobbies we had. There were insights and laughter, and the team came away feeling it was a really positive experience.
Asynchronous topic gathering and discussion
With the Champions, it is impossible to get everyone on a call at the same time due to the international nature of the group, everyone’s personal schedules, and so on. But it’s possible to run a modified, more drawn-out version of Lean Coffee for this situation.
First, walk folks through how the tool generally works and what they should do. You can do this live on a video meeting or via a prerecorded video. For topic gathering, set the time limit for something like a week to 10 days to accommodate peoples’ various schedules, vacations, sick kids, and anything else that might come up. Expect that because the deadline is extended and there’s no real-time component, you will need to send one or two gentle reminders to folks to participate. You should also expect that, despite your efforts, there will be some drop-off in participation.
After topics are in, you can cluster them as you do in the synchronous version. Since you can’t talk through this in real time as a group, you will probably want to add headers above each cluster to explain your thinking. Some of our clusters were Best Practices, Learn about Product X, and so on. For clusters that already clearly have consensus, you can wait for the voting process or just go ahead and move those to the To Be Discussed column proactively.
Repeat the “timer” (and the gentle reminders) with the voting process, leaving a week or so for folks to get their votes in. If there are a large number of topics generated, you may want to allow each member more than one vote—up to three, for example. By taking the highest-clustering and highest-voted topics, you effectively have a backlog of meeting topics. Set a meeting schedule over as many weeks or months are needed and work your way down the topic list for each meeting.
This approach is definitely not as dynamic and exciting as the real-time version of Lean Coffee, but the basic mechanics serve the same purpose of ensuring that the members are talking about things that are relevant and interesting to them. This is also a useful approach if you, like me, need to track down one or more people (such as product managers or engineers) in order to have a useful discussion about a given topic.
Lean Coffee for remote and in-person collaboration
Lean Coffee is a versatile, fun, and engaging way of allowing relative strangers to meet each other, interact, find common ground, and learn from each other. Its simplicity allows it to be modified for a variety of remote and in-person gatherings and used for a variety of purposes.
There are dozens of other patterns like this in the Open Practice Library, so you should definitely check it out!
Android and iOS have created a huge market of mobile applications. Thousands of apps are released weekly worldwide. Maximum apps are based on Android OS or iOS, because these two platforms are very trending and demanding. In today’s scenario Android and iOS have occupied almost the whole market of smart phones and mobile apps.
The point that I want to bring to your notice here is that although thousands of mobile apps are released weekly, but only few of them become popular and world famous. But why is that so? Did you ever think of it? Why only few apps become popular and trending and generate good revenue for their business? What factors make those apps different; from other normal apps? Here you will get answers of all the above questions.
If you are developing a mobile application and want that your mobile app enter in the trending app list and be popular just like Whatsapp, Angry Bird or Candy Crush, then you must add these ingredients which make the formula of a popular and trending mobile app.
Here we will discuss aspects which make your app more popular:
Platform Compatibility: The mobile app which you are developing should be compatible for all mobile platforms and all major brand devices. Compatibility with tablet resolutions will be an add-on.
Keep it Easy: Keep the functionality of your mobile app as simple as it could be. If possible, then provide it for free download. At the same time your app should be easy to install and easy to use.
Right Targeted Users: If you are thinking that everyone will download your app and use it, then my friend you are altogether wrong. Not everyone will use and install your app. It depends on the mobile app category. Find right target users according to your app category and target your app among right users as well as in right demographic area.
Uniqueness: Don’t copy the ideas or concept of other applications. Make efforts to create an application based on unique idea and new concept. Because people like applications that are new to them and that they have not tried before.
Connectivity With Social Media: If your mobile application doesn’t have the social media connectivity like, Facebook or Twitter then it can be a very big drawback for your mobile application. Beware! You are losing a big amount of users everyday. So, add social media connectivity functions in your mobile application. You can also add share feature, which allows users to share application related activities with other users. This will help spread your app.
You can add some more factors in this list, but these are the basic and important aspects which are essential for a mobile application to become popular and enter in the trending app list.
On traditional Unix and Unix-like systems, the first and only user that exists on a fresh install is named root. Using the root account, you log in and create secondary “normal” users. After that initial interaction, you’re expected to log in as a normal user.
Running your system as a normal user is a self-imposed limitation that protects you from silly mistakes. As a normal user, you can’t, for instance, delete the configuration file that defines your network interfaces or accidentally overwrite your list of users and groups. You can’t make those mistakes because, as a normal user, you don’t have permission to access those important files. Of course, as the literal owner of a system, you could always use the su command to become the superuser (root) and do whatever you want, but for everyday tasks you’re meant to use your normal account.
Using su worked well enough for a few decades, but then the sudo command came along.
To a longtime superuser, the sudo command might seem superfluous at first. In some ways, it feels very much like the su command. For instance, here’s the su command in action:
$ su root <enter passphrase> # dnf install -y cowsay
And here’s sudo doing the same thing:
$ sudo dnf install-y cowsay <enter passphrase>
The two interactions are nearly identical. Yet most distributions recommend using sudo instead of su, and most major distributions have eliminated the root account altogether. Is it a conspiracy to dumb down Linux?
Far from it, actually. In fact, sudo makes Linux more flexible and configurable than ever, with no loss of features and several significant benefits.
[ Download the cheat sheet: Linux sudo command ]
Why sudo is better than root on Linux
Here are five reasons you should be using sudo instead of su.
1. Root is a confirmed attack vector
I use the usual mix of firewalls, fail2ban, and SSH keys to prevent unwanted entry to the servers I run. Before I understood the value of sudo, I used to look through logs with horror at all the failed brute force attacks directed at my server. Automated attempts to log in as root are easily the most common, and with good reason.
An attacker with enough knowledge to attempt a break-in also would also know that, before the widespread use of sudo, essentially every Unix and Linux system had a root account. That’s one less guess about how to get into your server an attacker has to make. The login name is always right, as long as it’s root, so all an attacker needs is a valid passphrase.
Removing the root account offers a good amount of protection. Without root, a server has no confirmed login accounts. An attacker must guess at possible login names. In addition, the attacker must guess a password to associate with a login name. That’s not just one guess and then another guess; it’s two guesses that must be correct concurrently.
2. Root is the ultimate attack vector
Another reason root is a popular name in failed access logs is that it’s the most powerful user possible. If you’re going to set up a script to brute force its way into somebody else’s server, why waste time trying to get in as a regular user with limited access to the machine? It only makes sense to go for the most powerful user available.
By being both the singularly known user name and the most powerful user account, root essentially makes it pointless to try to brute force anything else.
3. Selective permission
The su command is all or nothing. If you have the password for su root, you can become the superuser. If you don’t have the password for su, you have no administrative privileges whatsoever. The problem with this model is that a sysadmin has to choose between handing over the master key to their system or withholding the key and all control of the system. That’s not always what you want. Sometimes you want to delegate.
For example, say you want to grant a user permission to run a specific application that usually requires root permissions, but you don’t want to give this user the root password. By editing the sudo configuration, you can allow a specific user, or any number of users belonging to a specific Unix group, to run a specific command. The sudo command requires a user’s existing password, not your password, and certainly not the root password.
4. Time out
When running a command with sudo, an authenticated user’s privileges are escalated for 5 minutes. During that time, they can run the command or commands you’ve given them permission to run.
After 5 minutes, the authentication cache is cleared, and the next use of sudo prompts for a password again. Timing out prevents a user from accidentally performing that action later (for instance, a careless search through your shell history or a few too many Up arrow presses). It also ensures that another user can’t run the commands if the first user walks away from their desk without locking their computer screen.
5. Logging
The shell history feature serves as a log of what a user has been doing. Should you ever need to understand how something on your system happened, you could (in theory, depending on how shell history is configured) use su to switch to somebody else’s account, review their shell history, and maybe get an idea of what commands a user has been executing.
If you need to audit the behavior of 10s or 100s of users, however, you might notice that this method doesn’t scale. Shell histories also rotate out pretty quickly, with a default age of 1,000 lines, and they’re easily circumvented by prefacing any command with an empty space.
When you need logs on administrative tasks, sudo offers a complete logging and alerting subsystem, so you can review activity from a centralized location and even get an alert when something significant happens.
Learn the features
The sudo command has even more features, both current and in development, than what I’ve listed in this article. Because sudo is often something you configure once then forget about, or something you configure only when a new admin joins your team, it can be hard to remember its nuances.
Download our sudo cheat sheet and use it as a helpful reminder for all of its uses when you need it the most.
Apples and Oranges Codechef Today Solution in Python
Bob has XX rupees and goes to a market. The cost of apples is Rs. AA per kg and the cost of oranges is Rs. BB per kg.
Determine whether he can buy at least 11 kg each of apples and oranges.
Input Format
The first line of input will contain an integer XX, the amount of money Bob has.
The second line of input contains two space-separated integers AA and BB, the cost per kg of apples and oranges respectively.
Output Format
Print a single line containing Yes if Bob can buy the fruits and No otherwise.
You may print each character of the string in uppercase or lowercase (for example, the strings yes, Yes, yEs, and YES will all be treated as identical).
Windows 11 has been released, but behind the scenes, Microsoft is constantly working to improve the newest version of Windows. The company frequently rolls out public preview builds to members of its Windows Insider Program, allowing them to test out — and even help shape — upcoming features.
The Windows Insider program is divided into three channels:
The Dev Channel is where new features are introduced for initial testing, regardless of which Windows release they’ll eventually end up in. This channel is best for technical users and developers and builds in it may be unstable and buggy.
In the Beta Channel, you’ll get more polished features that will be deployed in the next major Windows release. This channel is best for early adopters, and Microsoft says your feedback in this channel will have the most impact.
The Release Preview Channel typically doesn’t see action until shortly before a new feature update is rolled out. It’s meant for final testing of an upcoming release and is best for those who want the most stable builds.
The Beta and Release Preview Channels also receive bug-fix builds for the currently shipping version of Windows 11.
Not everyone can participate in the Windows 11 Insider program, because the new operating system has more stringent system requirements than Windows 10. As outlined in this Microsoft blog post, if your PC fails to meet the minimum hardware requirements for Windows 11, you cannot join the Windows 11 Insider Program.
Use the links below to find information about the Windows 11 preview builds that have been released:
For each build, we’ve included the date of its release, which Insider channel it was released to, a summary of what’s in the build, and a link to Microsoft’s announcement about it.
Note: If you’re looking for information about updates being rolled out to all Windows 11 users, not previews for Windows Insiders, see “Windows 11: A guide to the updates.”
Dev Channel
Windows 11 Insider Preview Build 25115
Release date: May 11, 2022
Released to: Dev Channel
This build has a new feature called suggested actions. With it, when you copy a date, time, or phone number, Windows will suggest related actions such as creating a calendar event or making a phone call with an app. The build also fixes a variety of bugs, including one in File Explorer that displayed the error 0x800703E6 when copying files from Google Drive, and another that caused the Task Manager to become unreadable in dark mode when the CPU reached 100%.
The build has three known issues, including one in which some apps in full screen (for example, video players) prevent live captions from being visible, and another in which when certain apps positioned near the top of the screen are closed before live captions is run, they relaunch behind the live captions window positioned at top.
This build fixes a wide variety of bug fixes, including one in which the widgets board did not open successfully when using the opening gesture from the side of the screen, another in which performance and reliability of explorer.exe degraded over time, eventually resulting in a bug check, and another in which using the 3-finger on-screen touch gesture for minimizing windows could cause animations to stop working across the system.
The build has two known issues, including one in which some apps in full screen (for example, video players) prevent live captions from being visible, and another in which when certain apps positioned near the top of the screen are closed before live captions are run will relaunch behind the live captions window positioned at top.
This build adds the following new MDM and group policies for IT administrators:
Disable Quick Settings flyout
Disable Notification Center and calendar flyouts
Disable all taskbar settings
Disable search (across Start and taskbar)
Hide Task View from taskbar
Block customization of ‘Pinned’ in Start
Hide ‘Recommended’ in Start
Disable Start context menus
Hide ‘All apps’ in Start
It also updates the Family Safety widget that includes a new location sharing view that shows where your family members are using the Family Safety app.
There are also a wide variety of bug fixes, including for a bug in which an Administrative Template error no longer popped up when opening Group Policy editor, another that prevented Shift + Right-click on a taskbar icon from opening the expected context menu, and another in which app icons like Microsoft Edge were cut off on the bottom in Start’s all apps list.
The build has five known issues, including one in which the widgets board may not open successfully when using the gesture from the side of the screen, and another in which some apps in full screen (for example, video players) prevent live captions from being visible.
This build fixes a wide variety of bugs, including one in which File Explorer’s context menu sometimes did not render completely and was sometimes transparent, and another in which the Task Manager’s memory composition graph was blank instead of filled in with the appropriate color.
The build has more than a dozen known issues, including one in which the widgets board may not open successfully when using the gesture from the side of the screen, another in which some apps in full screen (for example, video players) prevent live captions from being visible, and another in which the taskbar doesn’t always automatically collapse after launching an app or tapping outside of the expanded taskbar on 2-in-1 devices.
In this build, recent and pinned files displayed in Home are now searchable using the search box in File Explorer, even if they are not local files, so you can find Office files recently shared with you.
There are also a wide variety of bug fixes, including for a bug in which app icons were unexpectedly animating in from the upper left of the taskbar when launching a new app, another that caused Windows Spotlight to unexpectedly stop updating for a prolonged period of time, and another that caused Narrator to read dialog buttons incorrectly in scan mode.
The build has more than a dozen known issues, including one in which the widgets board may not open successfully when using the gesture from the side of the screen, and another in which some apps in full screen (for example, video players) prevent live captions from being visible.
This build includes several minor changes to the taskbar, including having the top border line extend across the entire taskbar regardless of device type. There are also a wide variety of bugs thar have been fixed, including one in which the Search box at the top of the Start menu would flicker, and another in which Task Manager wasn’t populating the details of the Status column in the Startup Apps page.
The build has more than a dozen known issues, including one in which when you enter search terms in File Explorer’s search box, suggested results may not show, and another in which after rearranging widgets in the widgets board, widgets in the pinned section may render incorrectly.
This build allows IT administrators to exclude USB removable drives from BitLocker encryption. This solves the problem of automatic or accidental encryption of storage built into specialized devices like video cameras, voice recorders, conferencing systems, and medical devices.
There are also a variety of minor changes, including one that lets you name your app folders in the Start menu, and another that puts the new Run New Task button on all pages of Task Manager.
The build fixes a wide variety of bugs, including one in which Start’s folders were still showing animations even if you had animation effects disabled, and another in which explorer.exe crashed when dragging certain windows across snap layouts at the top of the screen.
The build has a dozen known issues, including one in which opening suggested results shown while entering search terms in File Explorer’s search box may not work, and another in which when rearranging widgets in the widgets board, you may experience problems with widgets in the pinned section rendering incorrectly.
This build lets you set family controls for browsing in Microsoft Edge, and introduces a video editor called Clipchamp that offers tools like trimming, splitting, transitions, and animated text. For real-time content capture, Clipchamp has a built-in webcam and screen recorders.
There are a variety of small changes, including a Print Queue with an updated design to align with Windows 11 design principles. In addition, Shift + right-clicking in File Explorer and the desktop will now open the “Show more options” context menu.
The build also fixes several dozen bugs, including one in which scroll bars didn’t render appropriately on some Win32 applications, and another in which custom mouse pointers reverted to the default Windows one after rebooting.
The build has more than a dozen known issues, including one in which opening suggested results shown while entering search terms in File Explorer’s search box may not work, and another in which when rearranging widgets in the widgets board, you may experience problems with widgets in the pinned section rendering incorrectly.
This build attempts to increase the use of renewable energy by installing Windows 11 updates at times of the day that are more likely to have higher availability of renewable energy such as solar, wind, and hydro. This feature will only be enabled when your PC is plugged in and regional carbon intensity data is available to Microsoft.
The build also allows you to link your Android phone to your PC during setup. It also introduces a new security feature, Smart App Control (SAC), that blocks untrusted or potentially dangerous applications.
There are a variety of small changes, including an updated “Open with” dialog box that better aligns with Windows 11 design principles.
The build also fixes several dozen bugs, including one in which the Windows startup sound didn’t play, and another in which explorer.exe would sometimes crash when opening the context menu.
The build has more than a dozen known issues, including one in which scroll bars are not rendering appropriately on some Win32 applications, and another in which opening suggested results shown while entering search terms in File Explorer’s search box may not work.
This build includes a new taskbar feature in which it automatically adjusts to an optimized version when it detects a device is being used as a tablet. The taskbar can then either be collapsed or expanded. When collapsed, it disappears, giving you more screen space. When expanded, the taskbar is optimized to use with touch. You can easily switch between the two states by swiping up or down on the bottom of the tablet.
In this build, widgets and news feeds are mixed into the same feed, so you can more easily see changing information at a glance. There’s also a new feature for IT admins in education: the ability to use group policy to turn off all Windows Update notifications so as not to distract students.
A variety of smaller improvements have also been made, including an expanded search from Quick Access that includes content from OneDrive, Downloads, and any indexed location.
The build also fixes several dozen bugs, including one in which pop-up dialogs (for example, when adding an optional feature) in Settings were launching left aligned instead of centered, and another in which the navigation bar in Task Manager was showing black glitches when you launched Task Manager from a minimized state. Also fixed was a long-standing bug in which the taskbar sometimes flickered when switching input methods.
The build has more than a dozen known issues, including one in which the File Explorer search box may not work when typing and clicking a suggestion, and another in the Task Manager in which the Efficiency mode icon is missing on some child processes.
This build includes many new features, including the ability to group pinned apps into folders in the Start menu; the Do not disturb feature, which lets you silence notifications; and the Focus feature, which turns off a variety of Windows actions that may be distracting.
Also new is integration of OneDrive and File Explorer, which will let you see your OneDrive sync status and quota usage without having to leave File Explorer. There are also a variety of new touch gestures. A new way of snapping windows into Snap Layouts has been introduced as well.
Default battery settings have been changed in order to reduce energy consumption. Task Manager has been redesigned to be in more in keeping with Windows 11 design principles, including a new hamburger-style navigation bar and a new settings page.
A variety of smaller improvements has also been made, including drag-and-drop support on the taskbar and a faster and more accurate search.
The build also fixes several dozen bugs, including one in which Task View crashed if you held down the Ctrl key while hovering over it, and another in which explorer.exe crashed when you clicked on More Keyboard Settings in the input switcher.
The build has more than a dozen known issues, including the taskbar sometimes flickering when switching input methods, and another in which after clicking the Search icon on the taskbar, the Search panel may not open.
This build introduces more “natural”-sounding voices for Narrator along with new Narrator keyboard shortcuts, and also updates the media controls that appear on the Lock screen when playing music in a supported app.
The build also fixes many bugs, including one in which Task Manager crashed when switching to the Performance tab, another that caused explorer.exe to crash when dragging and dropping a file out of a zipped folder in File Explorer, and another that caused the cursor to disappear in certain apps.
The build has five known issues, including the taskbar sometimes flickering when switching input methods, and another in which after clicking the Search icon on the taskbar, the Search panel may not open.
This build gives new capabilities to voice access, including spelling words and entering numbers, punctuation marks, and symbols and emojis. There are also a wide variety of bug fixes, including for a bug in which pressing the hardware buttons for volume up/down caused explorer.exe to crash, and another in which Settings sometimes crashed when viewing the properties of a Wi-Fi network.
The build has five known issues, including the taskbar sometimes flickering when switching input methods, and another in which after clicking the Search icon on the taskbar, the Search panel may not open.
This build updates the flyout design for hardware indicators for brightness, volume, camera privacy, camera on/off, and airplane mode to follow what Microsoft calls “Windows 11 design principles.” The new flyouts appear when you press the volume or brightness keys on a laptop.
The build also fixes 16 bugs, including one that wouldn’t allow you to import photos from certain cameras and mobile phones into the Photos app, and another in which holding the Ctrl key and hovering your mouse over the Task View icon in the taskbar crashed explorer.exe.
The build has more than a dozen known issues, including the taskbar sometimes flickering when switching input methods, and another in which after clicking the Search icon on the taskbar, the Search panel may not open.
This build fixes nine bugs, including one in which the Search flyout became stuck on the screen and appeared transparent except for its border, and another in which the Widgets panel would temporarily become blank, showing only an Add Widgets button, which when clicked on opened to a blank dialog box.
The build has more than a dozen known issues, including the taskbar sometimes flickering when switching input methods, and another in which after clicking the Search icon on the taskbar, the Search panel may not open.
This build brings the snap groups feature to Alt-Tab and Task View, allowing you to easily choose from a number of pre-set ways to automatically arrange your open windows. The build also squashes a wide variety of bugs, including the battery icon tooltip unexpectedly showing a percent above 100, and Settings content getting truncated when the Settings window is made small.
The build has more than a dozen known issues, including the taskbar sometimes flickering when switching input methods, and another in which the Search panel may not open after the Search icon on the taskbar is clicked.
This build includes a new set of photos that can be used as desktop backgrounds, plus a new widget that delivers live weather content on the widget panel. It also introduces Voice Access, which lets you control your PC and create and edit text using your voice.
A wide variety of bugs have been squashed, including an explorer.exe crash related to having websites pinned to the taskbar, and another in which Snap Group thumbnails weren’t updating in real time in Task View after you moved a group window to a different desktop.
The build has more than a dozen known issues, including the taskbar sometimes flickering when switching input methods, and another in which after clicking the Search icon on the taskbar, the Search panel may not open.
This build improves the way that Narrator can control Microsoft Edge. In addition, it lets you right-click on Start to quickly access Start settings and customize the “More pins” or “More recommendations” layout options. It also brings a variety of settings from Control Panel into the Settings app, including moving the advanced sharing settings (such as Network discovery, File and printer sharing, and public folder sharing) to a new page in the Settings app under Advanced Network Settings.
There are a wide variety of bug fixes, including one in which the Start, Search, Task View, Widgets, and Chat icons in the taskbar no longer unexpectedly enlarge when the system scaling is set to 125%, and another in which hovering your mouse back and forth between different desktops in Task View will no longer result in the displayed thumbnails and content area unexpectedly shrinking.
The build has four known issues, including the taskbar sometimes flickering when switching input methods, and another in which after clicking the Search icon on the taskbar, the Search panel may not open.
This build applies the 13 themes for the touch keyboard to other input methods, including IMEs, the emoji panel, and voice typing. It also lets you use the Windows key + Alt + K keyboard shortcut to toggle the new mute icon in the taskbar when it’s showing.
There are also a wide variety of bug fixes, including for one in which snap layout options randomly put windows on other monitors, and another in which text was duplicated if the caret was moved while using voice typing.
The build has seven known issues, including the taskbar sometimes flickering when switching input methods, and another in which after clicking the Search icon on the taskbar, the Search panel may not open.
This build lets you quickly share content from open app windows directly from your taskbar to your Teams meeting calls. In addition, a wide variety of bugs have been fixed, including one in which Clipboard history wasn’t working properly, and another in which explorer.exe crashed when using the touch keyboard.
The build has 10 known issues, including the taskbar sometimes flickering when switching input methods and the Search panel sometimes not opening when the Search icon on the taskbar is clicked.
On November 12 Microsoft noted that it is starting to roll out Cumulative Update Build 22499.1010 (KB5008400) to test the servicing pipeline for builds in the Dev Channel; the update does not include anything new.
With this build you can mute and unmute your microphone from the taskbar during a Microsoft Teams call. In addition, a wide variety of bugs have been fixed, including one in which context menus crashed when you tried to scroll through them, and another in which some devices had a black screen when coming out of sleep.
The build has eight known issues, including the taskbar sometimes flickering when switching input methods, and another in which after clicking the Search icon on the taskbar, the Search panel may not open.
This build includes a new settings page that displays information about your Microsoft account, including your subscriptions for Microsoft 365, links to order history, payment details, and Microsoft Rewards. Note that it’s only being rolled out to a small group of Insiders at first.
A wide variety of bugs have been fixed, including one in which explorer.exe crashed sometimes when using the Desktops flyout context menu, and another in which Settings crashed in certain cases after going to Windows Update.
The build has nine known issues, including the taskbar sometimes flickering when switching input methods, and another in which the Search panel may not open after the Search icon on the taskbar is clicked.
This build includes a new feature that lets you right-click on either “Recommended” or the “More” button in Start to refresh the items shown there. In addition, it has a number of bug fixes, including one that caused Search to appear black and not display any content below the search box, and another that caused cellular data to not work on certain devices.
The build has 10 known issues, including the taskbar sometimes flickering when switching input methods, and another in which the Search panel may not open after the Search icon on the taskbar is clicked.
This build includes new emojis that conform to Microsoft’s Fluent design standards. It also lets you log in to a closed laptop using Windows Hello facial recognition on a connected external monitor if it has a camera attached that supports it.
The build also fixes a wide variety of bugs, including one in which the Notification Center refused to launch, and another in File Explorer in which the “Show hidden items” option was out of sync when multiple File Explorer windows were open.
The build has eight known issues, including the taskbar sometimes flickering when switching input methods, and another in which after the Search icon on the taskbar is clicked, the Search panel may not open.
This build has more than a dozen bug fixes, including for a bug that sometimes caused the taskbar’s hidden icons flyout to have sharp corners instead of rounded corners, and another that caused explorer.exe to crash sometimes when closing File Explorer windows.
The build also has 10 known issues, including the taskbar sometimes flickering when switching input methods, and widgets displaying in the wrong size on external monitors.
The build has two minor new features. When you click a VPN connection in VPN Settings, you can now see some statistics about the connection. And you can now turn off recent searches when hovering over the Search icon in the taskbar.
There are also more than a dozen bug fixes, including for a bug in which some drives did not display in Defragment and Optimize Drives, and another that caused unexpected flickering in certain apps such as Microsoft Edge when using multiple monitors with different refresh rates.
The build has nine known issues, including the taskbar sometimes flickering when switching input methods, and widgets displaying in the wrong size on external monitors.
Microsoft also announced that the redesigned Paint app for Windows 11 is beginning to roll out to Insiders in the Dev Channel.
The build has several minor new features, including one in which when you have a file or folder selected in File Explorer, you can now use Ctrl-Shift-C to copy the path to your clipboard. The build also fixes several dozen bugs, including one in which pressing F1 in File Explorer opened Windows 10 help instead of Windows 11 help, and another that caused File Explorer to hang when doing a search.
The build also has several dozen known issues, including the taskbar sometimes flickering when switching input methods, and widgets displaying in the wrong size on external monitors.
The build has more than a dozen bug fixes, including for one in which Settings sometimes crashed when trying to open the Display page, and another that made Start unreliable.
The build also has several dozen known issues, including the taskbar sometimes flickering when switching input methods, and widgets displaying in the wrong size on external monitors.
This build has a few extremely minor changes, including in which right-clicking on Recycle Bin on the desktop brings up the new modern context menu.
The build also has several dozen bug fixes, including for a bug in which PCs with Windows Defender Application Guard (WDAG) enabled bug-check continuously, and another in which taskbar icons flickered when you moused over them while using a contrast theme.
The build also has several dozen known issues, including the taskbar sometimes flickering when switching input methods, and widgets displaying in the wrong size on external monitors.
With this build, the Dev Channel moves back to receiving only builds from the active development branch (RS_PRERELEASE). This means the Dev Channel builds no longer match the version of Windows 11 that will be released on October 5th. Dev Channel builds represent the newest works in progress and are not always stable.
The build changes the way SMB compression (compression of files as they’re sent over a network) works. From now on, algorithms will not determine whether to compress files — files will always be compressed if a user asks for it.
Additionally, there are several minor changes in the build, including notifications now having acrylic backgrounds. There are also many bug fixes, including for one that caused the font in the taskbar previews to incorrect and another that crashed explorer.exe when using Alt-Tab.
The build also has more than a dozen known issues, including the taskbar sometimes flickering when switching input methods, and widgets displaying in the wrong size on external monitors.
Beta and Release Preview Channels (original Windows 11 release)
Windows 11 Insider Preview Build 22621
Release date: May 11, 2022
Released to: Beta Channel
This build fixes several bugs, including one in File Explorer that displayed the error 0x800703E6 when copying files from Google Drive, and another that caused Smart App Control to block correctly signed applications.
The build has two known issues, including one in which some apps in full screen (for example, video players) prevent live captions from being visible, and another in which when certain apps positioned near the top of the screen are closed before live captions is run, they relaunch behind the live captions window positioned at top.
This build fixes a wide variety of bug fixes, including one in which the widgets board did not open successfully when using the opening gesture from the side of the screen, another in which performance and reliability of explorer.exe degraded over time, eventually resulting in a bug check, and another in which using the 3-finger on-screen touch gesture for minimizing windows could cause animations to stop working across the system.
The build has two known issues, including one in which some apps in full screen (for example, video players) prevent live captions from being visible, and another in which when certain apps positioned near the top of the screen are closed before live captions are run will relaunch behind the live captions window positioned at top.
This build adds the following new MDM and group policies for IT administrators:
Disable Quick Settings flyout
Disable Notification Center and calendar flyouts
Disable all taskbar settings
Disable search (across Start and taskbar)
Hide Task View from taskbar
Block customization of ‘Pinned’ in Start
Hide ‘Recommended’ in Start
Disable Start context menus
Hide ‘All apps’ in Start
It also updates the Family Safety widget that includes a new location sharing view that shows where your family members are using the Family Safety app.
There are also a wide variety of bug fixes, including for a bug in which an Administrative Template error no longer popped up when opening Group Policy editor, another that prevented Shift + Right-click on a taskbar icon from opening the expected context menu, and another in which app icons like Microsoft Edge were cut off on the bottom in Start’s all apps list.
The build has five known issues, including one in which the widgets board may not open successfully when using the gesture from the side of the screen, and another in which some apps in full screen (for example, video players) prevent live captions from being visible.
This build fixes a wide variety of bugs, including one in which a memory leak affected Windows systems that are in use 24 hours each day of the week, another that caused video subtitles to be partially cut off, and another in which mobile device management (MDM) policies were not allowed on Windows Enterprise editions that were upgraded to Enterprise using Azure AD-joined subscription entitlement.
This build fixes a wide variety of bugs, including one in which File Explorer’s context menu sometimes did not render completely and was sometimes transparent, and another in which the Task Manager’s memory composition graph was blank instead of filled in with the appropriate color.
The build has more than a dozen known issues, including one in which the widgets board may not open successfully when using the gesture from the side of the screen, another in which some apps in full screen (for example, video players) prevent live captions from being visible, and another in which the taskbar doesn’t always automatically collapse after launching an app or tapping outside of the expanded taskbar on 2-in-1 devices.
In this build, recent and pinned files displayed in Home are now searchable using the search box in File Explorer, even if they are not local files, so you can find Office files recently shared with you.
There are also a wide variety of bug fixes, including for a bug in which app icons were unexpectedly animating in from the upper left of the taskbar when launching a new app, another that caused Windows Spotlight to unexpectedly stop updating for a prolonged period of time, and another that caused Narrator to read dialog buttons incorrectly in scan mode.
The build has more than a dozen known issues, including one in which the widgets board may not open successfully when using the gesture from the side of the screen, and another in which some apps in full screen (for example, video players) prevent live captions from being visible.
This build includes several minor changes to the taskbar, including having the top border line extend across the entire taskbar regardless of device type. There are also a wide variety of bugs thar have been fixed, including one in which the Search box at the top of the Start menu would flicker, and another in which Task Manager wasn’t populating the details of the Status column in the Startup Apps page.
The build has more than a dozen known issues, including one in which when you enter search terms in File Explorer’s search box, suggested results may not show, and another in which after rearranging widgets in the widgets board, widgets in the pinned section may render incorrectly.
This build allows Windows to display up to three high priority “toast” (popup) notifications simultaneously for apps that send notifications for calls, reminders, or alarms using Windows notifications. It also fixes more than two dozen bugs, including one that crashed SystemSettings.exe, and another that affected searchindexer.exe and prevented Microsoft Outlook’s offline search from returning recent emails.
The build fixes a wide variety of bugs, including one in which the Startup impact values didn’t display in Task Manager, another that caused a mismatch between a Remote Desktop session’s keyboard and the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) client when signing in, and another that that disconnected Offline Files on the network drive after you restarted Windows and signed in. This occurred if the Distributed File System (DFS) path was mapped to the network drive.
The build fixes a wide variety of bugs, including one that prevented some image editing programs from rendering colors correctly on certain high dynamic range (HDR) displays, another that incorrectly showed the volume icon in the taskbar as muted, and another that prevented the touch keyboard from appearing on the lock screen when a device has a Microsoft account (MSA).
The build includes all the features and bug fixes of Windows 11 Insider Preview Build 22000.346, and also fixes a bug that prevented apps, such as Kaspersky apps, from opening after you attempt to repair or update the apps using the Microsoft Installer (MSI).
The build fixes a wide variety of bugs, including one that caused the system to stop working after you enabled Hyper-V, one that affected the System Memory Management Unit’s (SMMU) fault handling after hibernation, and another that caused some USB Print installers to report that they didn’t detect the printer after the printer was plugged in.
This build fixes a bug that prevented some users from opening or using certain built-in Windows apps or parts of some built-in apps, including the Snipping Tool, Touch Keyboard, Voice Typing, and Emoji Panel, Input Method Editor user interface (IME UI), and Getting Started and Tips.
The build fixes a wide variety of bugs, including an L3 caching issue that affected performance on devices with AMD Ryzen processors, another that caused distortion in the audio captured by voice assistants, and another in Windows Defender Exploit Protection that prevented some Microsoft Office applications from working on machines with certain processors.
Released to: Beta Channel and commercial PCs in the Release Preview Channel
This build includes updates to the Snipping Tool, Calculator, and Clock with Focus Sessions apps.
The build also fixes several small issues, including one that caused some PCs to bug check during modern standby, and another that caused PowerShell to create an infinite number of child directories.
There are more than a dozen issues in this build, including one in which you might be unable to enter text when using search from Start or the taskbar, and another in which after clicking the Search icon on the taskbar, the Search panel may not open.
Released to: Beta Channel and commercial PCs in the Release Preview Channel
This build fixes two small issues, including one in which a small set of languages were missing translations across the user interface, and another in which the “learn more info” about Windows Hello in the out-of-box experience (OOBE) wasn’t translated for non-English languages.
There are many known issues in this build, including one in which you might be unable to enter text when using search from Start or the taskbar, and another in which after clicking the Search icon on the taskbar, the Search panel may not open.
This build introduces a “Taskbar settings” page, which lets you hide and unhide icons on the taskbar. It also includes a small number of bug fixes, including one that caused some users to get an unexpected error when trying to take pictures with certain USB cameras, and another in which ratings and reviews weren’t available for some Microsoft Store apps.
There are many known issues in this build, including one in which you might be unable to enter text when using Search from Start or the taskbar, and another in which after clicking the Search icon on the taskbar, the Search panel may not open.
This build introduces a Microsoft 365 widget that displays relevant documents, news, and meeting recordings to enterprise users. It only works if you’re signed into your Azure Active Directory (AAD) account on Windows 11. And Chat with Microsoft Teams now supports more than 50 languages.
The build also includes five bug fixes, including for a bug in which typing certain phrases into the search box in Settings sometimes crashed Settings, and another in Microsoft Teams in which videos sometimes froze or displayed a black image during video calls.
There are many known issues in this build, including one in which you might be unable to enter text when using Search from Start or the taskbar, and another in which after clicking the Search icon on the taskbar, the Search panel may not open.
This build fixes a bug in which the taskbar sometimes showed the “location in use” icon even when it had been blocked in preferences.
For Insiders in the Dev Channel, this build also includes the revamped Windows Clock app, with a new feature called Focus Sessions that lets you do things such as set timers, automatically play music from Spotify, and work directly with Microsoft’s To Do app. Go here for details.
The build is also available as an ISO from the Windows Insider Preview Downloads page for those who want to install it from media rather than online. Using this method, users experience the full Windows 11 setup process.
There are many known issues in this build, including one in which you might be unable to enter text when using Search from Start or the taskbar, and another in which after clicking the Search icon on the taskbar, the Search panel may not open.
With this build, Insiders in the Beta Channel now have access to Chat from Microsoft Teams. The feature, which was previously rolled out to Insiders in the Dev Channel, includes one-to-one and group audio and video calling. You can create and join meetings, toggle your microphone and camera on or off, and choose your preferred speakers, mic, and camera. You can also share your screen, see the roster of participants, admit meeting participants from the lobby, chat, and see people’s video in a gallery view. For more details, see “First Preview of Chat from Microsoft Teams begins rolling out to Windows Insiders.”
There are seven fixes in this build, including for a bug in which the taskbar repeatedly crashed inside the Windows Sandbox, and another in which the “location in use” indicator icon wasn’t showing up in the taskbar when it should have been.
There are many known issues in this build, including one in which you might be unable to enter text when using Search from Start or the taskbar, and another in which the Search panel may not open when you click the Search icon on the taskbar.
This build introduces a new family widget for MSA accounts (a single sign-on Microsoft account). It lets people see recent activity of members of their Microsoft family group. The build also fixes several dozen bugs, including one in which File Explorer didn’t show an updated scroll bar in dark mode; another that caused search in Settings to be in a permanently broken state, saying “No result” for every search; and one in which explorer.exe crashed when the Task View button was clicked.
There are many known issues in this build, including one in which you might be unable to enter text when using Search from Start or the taskbar, and another in which after clicking the Search icon on the taskbar, the Search panel may not open.
There are also a variety of minor new features, including making the taskbar calendar flyout fully collapse when clicking the chevron in the top corner to give more room for notifications.
Several dozen bugs have been fixed, including one in which when you right-clicked the desktop or File Explorer, the resulting context menu and submenus appeared partially off screen, and another in which sign-in wasn’t working for widgets in some scenarios due to authentication hanging.
There are many known issues in this build, including one in which you might be unable to enter text when using Search from Start or the taskbar, and another in which the taskbar sometimes flickers when switching input methods.
This build introduces a new entertainment widget that displays new and featured movie titles in the Microsoft Store. There are also many bug fixes, including for one in which the new command bar didn’t appear when the “Open folders in a separate process” is enabled under File Explorer Options > View, and another that made Settings periodically crash when it launched.
There are many known issues in this build, including one in which you might be unable to enter text when using search from Start or the taskbar, and another in which the right-click menu and submenus from the desktop or File Explorer may appear partially off-screen.
Among other changes in this build, the Start menu now includes a search box, Power mode settings are now available on the Power & battery page in Settings, and several system alert dialog boxes, such as the alert for when your battery is running low or when you change your display settings, now adhere to the new Windows 11 visual design.
The build includes a wide variety of bug fixes, including one in which Settings could not be launched, another in which you could not pin and unpin apps from Start, another in which the command bar in File Explorer disappeared, and another in which the snap layouts did not appear until you rebooted your PC.
In addition, a remote code execution exploit in the Windows Print Spooler service, known as “PrintNightmare,” has been closed. For details, see CVE-2021-34527.
There are many known issues in this build, including one in which you might be unable to enter text when using Search from Start or the taskbar, and another in which the new command bar may not appear when “Open folders in a separate process” is enabled under File Explorer Options > View.
What IT needs to know: Because this is a security update, it should be applied relatively soon. Over the next few weeks, check for reports about problematic issues, and if all seems well, apply the update.
This first Insider Preview for Windows 11 is a big one and offers many of the new features expected to be part of the shipping version of the new operating system.
General interface changes: The Start menu is now centered, rather than pinned to the left of the screen. It includes a set of pinned apps as well as recently opened files in OneDrive on all your cloud-connected devices, including PCs and smartphones. The taskbar is centered as well and offers new animations. It includes a button on the lower-right corner for notifications and for making quick changes to your settings.
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File Explorer has a new command bar and new overall look, including new context menus. New themes have been added to the overall interface, and Windows sounds have been redesigned.
Widgets: Windows 11 comes with a set of resizable informational widgets for things such as news, the weather, your calendar, local traffic, a to-do list, photos from OneDrive, news, sports, and more.
Multitasking: Windows 10’s “Snap” feature that gives you control over how you can arrange your open windows gets a makeover. You can choose from pre-built Snap layouts and arrange them into predesigned Snap groups. Desktops available via Task View can now be reordered and have custom backgrounds.
Touch, inking, and voice input: The touch keyboard gets 13 new themes and can be resized. There’s also a voice typing launcher, and several new touch gestures. The build lets you quickly switch between additional languages and keyboards via a switcher that appears at the lower right on the taskbar next to Quick Settings. There’s also now a menu for customizing digital pens.
Other changes include:
The Microsoft Store has been redesigned. Eventually Android mobile games and apps will be housed there, and be able to work on Windows 11.
When you undock your laptop, the windows on your external monitor will be minimized. When you re-dock your computer to your monitor, Windows puts everything back where it was before.
With Windows 11’s Dynamic Refresh Rate, your PC can automatically boost the refresh rate when you’re inking or scrolling to give you a smoother experience, and lower the refresh rate when you don’t need it to save power on your laptop.
Settings has been redesigned, including left-hand navigation that persists between pages. There are also breadcrumbs to help you know exactly where you are in Settings.
Known issues: There are more than two dozen known issues in this build across a wide variety of features, including the taskbar, Settings, Start, Search, Widgets and the Store. For example, when upgrading a device with multiple user accounts to Windows 11, Settings will fail to launch; after clicking the Search icon taskbar, the Search panel may not open; and when upgrading to Windows 11 from Windows 10 or when installing an update to Windows 11, some features may be deprecated or removed.
Microsoft